臺灣推動國際外援之跨文化影響因素：東南亞的在地觀點

The Cross-Cultural Factors of Taiwan's Promoting International Aid: Local Perspectives from Southeast Asia

國際外援亦是國際交流與互動方式的一種，尤其在經濟領域對特定的國家提供協助，除實踐人道精神，亦有緩解危機與解決困境之功能，惟仍有提供外援之國家藉以謀取國際地位或形象。就臺灣來説，較為知名的國際外援活動，應該要算是1950年代至1960年代所謂的「美援臺灣」，對當時的臺灣經濟發展，提供了支持。當然臺灣也曾經對外派遣農耕隊、醫療團等，從事國際援助與合作。而近年來臺灣對包括東南亞國家在內之地區推動「新南向政策」，由於政策內容強調擴大臺灣的對外投資，並提出諸多有利於區域國家經貿與社會發展之政策，故從廣義上來看，似可算是臺灣的對外援助政策。儘管臺灣與東南亞的關係發展持續地穩定成長，但以地緣關係來看，惟臺灣鄰近東南亞，本應就該與東南亞國家維繫一定程度的密切關係；但因國際政治與區域情勢發展等因素，使臺灣與所有的東南亞國家均無正式的外交關係。臺灣只能積極地加強與東南亞國家在經貿、文化、社會等領域來發展互動與交流。除了透過當地華人做為橋樑之外，認識東南亞文化甚至能使用當地的語言，應將有助於提升臺灣與東南亞國家的關係，容易瞭解東南亞對於臺灣提出與當地合作政策之在地觀點，讓臺灣推動外援活動時減緩跨文化領域的負面影響。

International foreign aid is a way of international exchange, especially in the economic field to provide assistance to specific countries. In addition to practicing humanitarianism, it has the function of alleviating crises and solving difficulties. However, there are still countries that provide foreign aid to seek international status or Image. Of course, Taiwan has also dispatched farming teams and medical teams to other countries to engage in international assistance and cooperation. In recent years, Taiwan has promoted the 'New Southbound policy' for regions including Southeast Asian countries. From a broad perspective, it seems to be Taiwan's foreign aid policy. Although affected by factors such as international politics and regional development, Taiwan has no formal diplomatic relations with all Southeast Asian countries. Taiwan can only actively strengthen interaction and exchanges with Southeast Asian countries in the fields of economy, trade, culture, and society. Understanding Southeast Asian culture and even using the local language should help promote the relationship between Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries. It is also easy to carry out foreign aid activities, reduce the negative impact of cross-cultural fields.