春秋時代衛國西向與北向交通路線考論

The Discussion on the Westbound and Northbound Traffic Routes of Wèi State in the Spring and Autumn Period

《春秋經》、《左傳》關於戰爭、盟會、巡狩、遣使、出奔、遷徙、婚姻、喪祭等空間移動記載繁多，本文以《春秋經》、《左傳》為主要文本，採用「文獻分析法」，整理分析與本研究相關之典籍，以衛都帝丘為道路起點，結合傳世文獻與二維地圖，對春秋時代衛國西向與北向交通路線進行討論與觀察。整體研究所得如下：帝丘西向交通路線據點為：帝丘—楚丘—曹—白馬津—沬（朝歌）—共。帝丘北向交通路線亦以帝丘為始，前段據點為：帝丘—鐵—戚。自戚分為東、中、西三路，東路據點為：戚—茅氏—圉，中路據點為：戚—五鹿—馬陵—沙（瑣）—莘—夷儀。西路較為複雜，先由戚經長壽津西渡黃河至懿氏，於懿氏分北、南二支路。北支路據點為：懿氏—柯—新築。此外，柯又有支路西向至戲陽，由戲陽向北可連結晉邑乾侯。南支路據點為：懿氏—澶淵—牽，由牽南行經白馬津可至曹，於此與帝丘西向交通路線接續。

There are lots of records of space movement about wars, alliances in multiple countries, imperial visits, dispatching an envoy, escape, migration, marriage between countries, funerals, etc., in Chinese classical books: Chun Qiu Jing and Zuo Zhuan. This article studies Chun Qiu Jing and Zuo Zhuan with documentary analysis and two-dimensional maps. After recognizing the texture of which books and literature are connected with the main idea in this article: investigating the space movement around Wèi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. Then discusses the westbound and northbound traffic routes of Wèi State; and both take the capital Dì-qiūas the starting point of the road.
The conclusion is: from the capital Dì-qiūto the west, the necessary locations on the westbound traffic route are Dì-qiū→Chǔ-qiū→Cáo→Báimǎ-jīn→Mèi (Cháo-gē)→Gòng. The northbound traffic route also starts at the capital Dì-qiū; and the necessary locations on the front are Dì-qiū→Tiě→Qī. It is divided into three routes at Qī, and they are eastbound, northbound and westbound. The necessary locations on the eastbound route are Qī→Máo-shì→Yǔ; the necessary locations on the northbound route are Qī→Wǔ-lù→Mǎ-líng→Shā(Suǒ)→Shēn→Yí-yí. The westbound route is more complicated. After passing Qī, it crosses the Yellow River at Chángshòu-jīn, then reaching Yì-shì. It divides into two branches here, northbound and southbound. The necessary locations on the northbound branch are Yì-shì→Kē→Xīn-zhú. Moreover, there is a westbound branch at Kē, and it reaches Xì-yáng. From Xì-yáng to northward, it reaches Gān-hóu (the city of Jìn State). The necessary locations on the southbound branch are Yì-shì→Chán-yuān→Qiān. From Qiān to southbound, it passes Báimǎ-jīn and reaches Cáo where it connects with westbound traffic route to Dì-qiū.