紀實的技藝：論《徐霞客遊記》的生命書寫

Literary Craft in Nonfiction: On the Xu Xiake youji’s “Life Writing”

本文嘗試在既有的研究基礎之下，更細膩地探索、考察《徐霞客遊記》日記體之敘事，如何呈現生命情識與地理特徵，體現山岳行動的現場感及穿透力；並藉由「生命書寫」的觀點，考察《徐霞客遊記》中社會脈絡下的人我關係之網。徐弘祖以「日記」作為敘述文體，呈現了每日紀事的情緒與感受，再現旅行者的心靈圖景，書寫冒險登臨的身體感，包含岔出（或插入）、交錯的傳說與耳聞，呈現了行旅中的觀看與敘述。由於每「日」之「記」的時間特質，於是產生事件起伏的「敘事弧」。透過日記書寫的時間感，審視「日記」的書寫情境、書寫心態以及書寫意識，可以看見個別串聯成連續性情節的歷程。此外，若從「生命書寫」角度進行當代反思，檢視徐弘祖身為壯遊者的冒險心態，面對他者的自我對話與思辨，遭逢困頓的自我消解，或可為已成經典的「徐學」研究，抉發出知識與抒情的向度。

This article examines how the Xu Xiake youji (henceforth Youji), through its method of diaristic narrative, displays Xu Xiake’s emotions, knowledge, and the geographical characteristics of the places that Xu cast his eyes over. It also ponders how Xu, through his diary entries, contrived such vividness in his depiction of the mountain landscapes. Last but not least, it rethinks from the perspective of “life writing” Xu’s self-reflection in relation to his dealings with others. Using diary entries as a device, Xu presented his emotions, feelings, traveling mindscape, and mountaineering sensations on a daily basis. These entries also included some off-topic (or epenthetic) and hearsay stories. Due to its dailiness, the Youji may well be taken as a compilation of numerous narrative arcs. Bearing its temporality in mind, we look particularly at the state, the mindset, and the awareness under which the Youji was written, hoping to see more clearly the process whereby single events were built into the plot. In addition, from the perspective of “life writing,” we also look at Xu’s internal monologue as he dealt with others, and his self-consolation in difficult times, hoping to introduce a different angle from which Xuxue, or the study of Xu Xiake, can be conducted.