臺灣社區詞「辦桌」於新聞文本的分布與對CSL文化教學的建議

Distribution of the Taiwanese Community Expression Bànzhuōin News Texts and Suggestions for CSL Culture Teaching

「社區詞」的概念於 1993 年首先在香港提出，田小琳（2002:53）將「社區詞」定義為「在某個社會區域內流通，反映該社區政治、經濟、文化的特有詞語」。自社區詞的概念提出之後，30 年來許多華人學者陸續針對社區詞的內涵、理據和類別進行論述。然而，文獻裡有關臺灣社區詞的探討闕如，雖有中國和香港的學者透過詞典或二手文獻比較臺灣和其他華人地區的社區詞，但其分析與論述皆未以臺灣社會發展的歷史脈絡為背景，也未從臺灣華語母語者的視角進行論述。為補充華語研究中有關臺灣社區詞的文獻缺口，作者取徑語料庫檢索和內容分析研究法，以全文報紙資料庫和臺灣國教院語料庫、香港 LiVac 語料庫為資料蒐集來源，研究目的旨在分析「辦桌」一詞在臺灣新聞文本的歷時分布趨勢與泛華語區的共時分布情形，作者將據以論證「辦桌」的使用已跳脫閩南語方言詞的範疇進入臺灣華語共同語的詞彙系統、發展成臺灣「社區詞」。作者也將從CSL 教學的觀點提出社區詞在文化教學的應用與建議。研究結果預期能在全球華語研究的視角下為臺灣社區詞以及詞彙與文化整合教學的文獻進行補充。

The concept of “community expressions” was first introduced to Chinese academia in Hong Kong in 1993. It was proposed by Prof. TIN Siu-lam (1994, 2016), a Chinese linguist, and she defines community expressions as “words or expressions which circulate in a societal community and reflect its politics, economics, and culture” (Tin 2002:53). Since the concept of community expressions was put forth, it has aroused much scholarly discussion with respect to its contents, theoretical foundation, and categorization in lexicon. However, the newly established concept has not yet attracted much scholarly attention in the area of TCSL (Teaching Chinese as a Second Language), and studies on community expressions of Taiwan are scarce. To fill the gap in the literature, this study aims to first discuss why applying research findings on community expressions to the area of TCSL would facilitate CSL learners’ development of acculturation and cross-cultural communication. Secondly, the authors will argue that lexical borrowings from Southern Min (SM) may potentially constitute an essential set of community expressions of Taiwan. The research target in this study is bànzhuō, a lexical borrowing from SM. Data were collected from an electronic database of news texts published in Taiwan as well as COCT (Corpus of Contemporary Taiwan Mandarin) and LiVac (Corpus of Linguistic Variation in Chinese Speech Communities). By presenting data that show the diachronic distribution of bànzhuō, the authors will argue that bànzhuō has extended its use beyond the domain of SM, getting into the lexicon of Taiwan Mandarin, and has become a community expression of Taiwan. At the end of the article, the authors will propose suggestions for incorporating community expressions into culture teaching in TCSL contexts.