越南阮朝「人觀」的轉變：從傳統「家本模式」到現代「個人本模式」

A Transition in the Concept of Human Being during the Nguyen Dynasty(1802-1945) :From the Traditional“family-based”Paradigm to the Modern“individual-based”Paradigm

阮朝（1802-1945）是越南歷史上最後君主專制的王朝，它被視為越南傳統與現代思想之間的轉折階段。此轉折點要如何界定與分區，這是本文重要的意識問題。本文從人觀問題切入，通過關注人觀在當時社會的重要轉折，來考察阮朝從傳統到現代的轉變這一宏大問題。這一轉折，即從「家本模式」轉折到「個人本模式」；前者是深受中國傳統文化的影響的越南本土模式，後者則是越南接受西方文化影響的結果。人觀的轉折正式理解阮朝歷史變遷階段的關鍵因素。

The Nguyen Dynasty is the last monarchy in the history of Vietnam. This period is considered to be the turning point of the traditional and modern history of thought in Vietnam. The question that needs to be discussed is: What is the basis for affirming this period to be the turning point? This article chooses the concept of human being as the starting point to examine how the transition from the traditional to the modern mode happened. There was a transition from the “family-based paradigm” to the “individual-based paradigm”. The former was Vietnamese original paradigm that was deeply influenced by the Chinese culture, the latter was the result of Vietnam-Western cultural exchange. This basic transition of paradigm is one of the key points to understand the intellectual background of this period.