與機器共舞：以交織理論探索人機協作的能動性

Dancing with Machines: Exploring Collective Agency of Human-Machine Collaborations from an Assemblage Perspective

人類如何與機器互動與協作，進而共同創造價值，已成數位經濟裡的關鍵實務課題。特別是，機器如何在特定的情境脈絡中產生與人協作的「能動性」，這是值得組織學者關切的議題。本研究採用交織理論觀點探討：於人機協作之中，機器如何產生能動性？本研究以多重個案進行質性探究，從三個不同情境案例中來探究機器於特定互動脈絡之協作模式。本文獲致兩項發現。第一，由人與非人行動者所構築的交織體定義了行動者的三種角色，這是機器於人機協作中產生能動性的關鍵。第二，本研究發現元素的物質角色與表達角色之間的相互作用，其過程動態影響著人與機器的能動性之發展，進而促進或限制人機協作之運作。本研究進一步據此發展理論與實務意涵。

Driven by digital transformation and industrial 4.0, how humans are engaged in collaborations with machines, through which value is co-created, has become a pivotal managerial issue. Particularly, how a machine generates its capacity to collaborate with humans, namely collective agency of human-machine collaboration, in a specific context has drawn increased attention from organization scholars. Towards this, we adopt an assemblage perspective to investigate this research question: how does a machine produce its agency in the human-machine collaboration? By this we attempt to deepen the knowledge of value co-creation in human-machine collaboration contexts. We conducted empirical investigation through a multiple-case study characterized by three different and unique contexts, in which the roles of machines in different interaction patterns were explored. From an assemblage perspective, we have gained two findings. First, we uncover three roles of actors in human-non-human assemblages, namely partners, assistants, and learners, by which the agency of machines in their collaborations with humans is generated. Second, we find that the interplay between the material and expressive roles of actors not only affects the generation of agency but also drives the territorialization and de-territorialization of assemblages, paradoxically enabling and constraining human-machine collaborations. These findings allow us to develop theoretical and managerial implications.