特別行政區制度法律特徵的憲法學再釋義

特別行政區制度是現行《憲法》第31條和第62條第(十四)項確立的旨在實現國家和平統一和解決歷史遺留問題的地方治理制度，屬 中國單一制國家結構形式下特有的一種與一般地方制度、民族區域自治制度相並列的地方國家制度。從現行憲法的相關規定來看，特別行政區制度的內涵和外延要遠遠超出現行《憲法》第31條所規定的“特別行政區內實行的制度”，不能把“特別行政區制度”在法理上簡單地等同於“特別行政區內實行的制度”。從合憲性審查的角度來看，“一國兩制”作為一種政治構想是通過“一國一制”的制度保障來實現的。這裡的“一國一制”中的“一制”是指一個憲法制度。在法治軌道上來實現“一國兩制”政治構想必須要在“一個憲法制度”的框架內對“兩種制度”進行制度性安排。制定《中華人民共和國特別行政區法》有助於更好地實現“一國兩制”政治構想。

The special administrative region system is a local governance system established by Articles 31 and 62（14）of the current PRC Constitution to achieve the peaceful reunification of the country and to solve problems left over from history. It is a unique local state system that is parallel to the general local system and the system of national regional autonomy. Judging from the relevant provisions of the current Constitution, the connotation and extension of the special administrative region system go far beyond the“ system implemented in the special administrative region”stipulated in Article 31 of the current Constitution, and the“special administrative region system”cannot be simply equated to“the system implemented in the special administrative region” in jurisprudential terms. From the perspective of constitutionality review, the political concept of “one country, two systems” is realized through the institutional guarantee of “one country, one system”. The“one system”in“one country, one system”refers to a constitutional system. To realize the political concept of“one country, two systems” under the rule of law, it is necessary to make institutional arrangements for“two systems”within the frame work of“one constitutional system”. The formulation of the“Special Administrative Region Law of the People’s Republic of China”will help to better realize the political concept of“one country, two systems”.