日治時期臺灣與朝鮮的米作──生產體系的比較

Rice Production in Taiwan and Korea during the Japanese Occupation Period: A Comparison of Production Systems

日本統治臺灣時，已經開始依賴外米，臺灣總督府選擇糖業為主要發展重點；而日本合併朝鮮時，日商已積極投資米作部門。在1920年之後，日本糧食政策由依賴外米轉向自給，因為這個政策，臺灣的米作有不同的地位。兩地的米穀增產皆運用科學化手段，經歷各自歷史上最有系統的技術改良，朝鮮部分還稱為首次集中、大規模的農業開發。臺灣經歷在來米與蓬萊米改良兩個階段的米作發展，在生產上維持本地資本的投資，在米穀流通上臺灣商人保有相當影響力。朝鮮總督府則鼓勵日資投資，佈局於移民、土地投資、浩大的水利工程與流通，兩地呈現明顯的差異性。本文透過日本在臺灣、朝鮮殖民期間的米穀政策、投資、生產模式、技術、米穀流通結構等課題的比較，分析日本對殖民地的資源佈局，農村社會組織差異性，米穀生產、移出與殖民地自身的糧食供應情形，以及對社會經濟結構的影響。

When Japanese occupied Taiwan, Taiwan had been relying on the foreign rice import. Though the Taiwan’s Government decided to develop sugar, the Japanese merchants invested actively on the department of rice production while Japanese merged Korea. After 1920, due to this policy, the rice production in Taiwan and Korea was increased by means of scientific and systematic technologies. However, there were apparently differences between Taiwan and Korea. Through the refined development of indica rice and japonica rice, the Taiwan’s production capitals still came from the local investment. Taiwan’s merchants preserved a rather strong influence on circulation. In contrast, the Korean Government encouraged the Japanese investments, distributed to immigrations, land investments, a large scale of hydraulic engineering and circulations. By means of the Japanese rice policies on Taiwan and Korea in the colonial period, this paper will study the resource arrangement, the differences between the farm societies, the production and shifting out of the rice, the food supplies of the colonies themselves, and the influences on social economic structures.