百年前臺灣「虎」意象考察──以片岡巖《日臺俚諺詳解》、平澤平七《臺灣俚諺集覽》為研究對象

An Investigation of the Image of 'Tiger' in Taiwan A Hundred Years Ago—Taking Detailed Explanation of Japanese and Taiwanese Slang Proverb of Kataoka Iwao and Taiwan Slang Proverbs Collection of Hirazawa Tedo as research objects

甲午戰敗，臺灣改隸日本，成為海外殖民地。面對不同民族與文化的臺灣民眾，對從未有殖民經驗的日本政府而言，一切都是嶄新的開始。日本殖民政府除了積極從事民生基礎建設，也著手慣習調查，希望從中了解島民習性，以利殖民統治。慣習調查十分順利，促使剪辮、解纏足、禁鴉片……等斷陋習運動的產生，並促成大正2年（1913）片岡巖主編《日臺俚諺詳解》，與大正3年（1914）平澤平七（丁東）主編《臺灣俚諺集覽》的刊行問世。
上述這兩本書主編皆為日本人，他們自幼即受儒家傳統教育，嫻熟漢文，同時也接受新式教育，了解西學，具有民俗學學術基礎，並熱愛南國異地文化。他們任職於公部門，咸認除了官方文書外，可以透過這些普查收集來的民間俚諺，令日本人更加深入了解臺灣文化及島民習性。兩書體例相同，以漢文為條目，佐以日文註解，並加註日本同似的俚諺以為參照。兩書中可以看到中國、臺灣、日本三地民間信仰的大同與小異。這兩部俚諺專書的編成刊行，促發了相關臺灣民間文學專書的編輯風潮，也引發1930年代臺灣鄉土文學運動的產生。
生活美滿、幸福如意、平安喜慶，是人類共同的願望，無人不希望萬事萬物朝著自己有利的方向發展，「虎」民間信仰的趨吉禳凶特性，正符合所有人的願望。透過俚諺的觀察，可以發現「虎」的意象是一個別具特色的文化論述，涉及民間文學、風俗、歷史的各個領域。
上述二書研究者稀，且多集中於語文，而學術界「虎」意象研究不多，且集中於民間信仰。本文搜集二書中「虎」意象相關俚諺，輔以人類學、社會學、民族學相關資料，加以歸納分析。由於雅俗文化有互滲現象，因此將溯源至意象的形成以及俚諺的創發，析論百年前臺灣「虎」意象對臺灣集體意識的形塑與發展。

After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan was transferred to Japan and became an overseas colony. Facing the Taiwanese people of different nationalities and cultures, everything is a brand new experience for the Japanese government, which has never had colonial management. In addition to actively engaging in the construction of people's livelihood infrastructure, it also conducts habitual surveys, hoping to understand the character of the islanders, so as to facilitate the colonization. rule. The habit investigation went very smoothly, and it also prompted the movement to cut off bad habits, such as cutting braids, unraveling foot binding, and banning opium, etc., and contributed to the Taisho 2 (1913) Kataoka Iwao editor-in-chief Detailed Explanation of Japanese and Taiwanese Slang Proverb and Taisho 3 (1914) Hirazawa Tedo editor-in-chief Taiwan Slang Proverb Collection published.
The editors-in-chief of these two books are both Japanese. They have been educated in traditional Confucianism since childhood, and are proficient in Chinese. In addition to the literature, these simple and moving folk literature can help Japanese people to understand Taiwanese culture more deeply. The style of the two books is the same, with Chinese as the entry and Japanese as the annotation. In order to make the readers better understand the meaning of the slang, it also adds Japanese slang as a reference. In the book, you can see the cultures of China, Taiwan and Japan. The big and small differences between. The completion of these two slang special books also stimulated the editing trend of related Taiwanese folk literature books and influenced the Taiwanese local literature movement in the 1930s.
A happy life, happiness, peace and joy are the common aspirations of human beings, and no one does not want everything to develop in their own favorable direction. The characteristics of the tiger's tendency to be auspicious and fierce are in line with everyone's wishes. Through the observation of slang, it can be found that the image of the tiger is not only related to literature, but also a unique cultural discourse. Its complex system can be seen from age, traffic, etiquette, heaven and earth, immortals, species, diet, writing, art, etc., and involves various fields of literature, customs, and history. What is expressed as language is literature, and what is expressed as material is craftsmanship, which covers a wide range of levels.
There are few researchers on the second book, and most of them focus on language, while the research on the image of 'tiger' in academia is not much, and it focuses on folk beliefs. The author will collect slang words about the image of the 'tiger' in the second book, refer to the classics and historical annals, supplemented by anthropology, sociology, and ethnology related materials, to summarize and analyze. Since there is a phenomenon of mutual infiltration between refined and popular cultures, it will be traced back to the formation of images and the creation of slang words, to restore the shaping and development of Taiwan's collective consciousness by the image of Taiwan's 'tiger' a hundred years ago.