從漠視表達到讓步

From the Expression of Disregard to Concessive Conjunctions

漢語有許多讓步連詞源自漠視義動詞組，如「別看」、「哪怕」、「不問」、「不論」、「不管」等等，本文旨在探討此類動詞組發展為讓步連詞的歷史。藉由歷史考察，文中指出諸詞都因所在語境被重新理解為讓步複句而展開演變，且分別源自狀中、話題、釋因和間接轉折這四種語境。本文也進行三方面比較，包含漠視和任憑表達發展為讓步連詞的比較、跨語言所見從漠視到讓步的演變比較、漢語讓轉關聯詞演變比較，並指出牽動此方面演變的三項條件：漠視動詞組的意義和用法、反義並列構式的多元表義功能，以及漢語句式關係經常相互匯通的本質。

In Mandarin Chinese, many concessive conjunctions originated from verb phrases meaning “to disregard or ignore,” including Biekan (don't look or though), Napa (be not afraid of or even though), Buwen (do not ask or no matter what/how), Bulun (do not discuss or no matter what/how), Buguan (do not bother or no matter what/how), etc. This paper aims to study how such verb phrases have been grammaticalized to become concessive conjunctions. Through historical examinations, this paper argues that the conventional sentential relations-including adjunctive relation, topic relation, effect-cause relation, and indirect adversative relation-undergo grammatical changes based on the reanalysis of sentential relations that correspond to concessive conjunctions. Accordingly, three kinds of comparisons are elucidated. The first one is the comparison between the histories of concessive conjunctions from the expressions of “to disregard” and the expressions of “to indulge others” in Chinese. The second one pertains to the cross-linguistic comparison of changes from “to disregard” to concessives. The final comparison belongs to the formations of concessive and adversative conjunctions in Chinese. In conclusion, the paper proposes that there are three prerequisites for these changes: the semantic and syntactic characteristics of the “to disregard” verb phrases, the multifunctions of composed antonyms, and finally, the interchangeable nature of sentential relations in Chinese.