2021年公平交易法執法之回顧及展望

本文主要藉由回顧公平交易法2021年幾件重要案例，從中分析實務近期執法的觀點，並藉此展望未來發展。本文中，從市場界定、限制競爭效果與正當理由的觀點，分析8件限制競爭行為案例。其中，首先關於核心卡特爾與維持轉售價格案件的正當理由分析，有值得矚目的討論內容。又在核心卡特爾的限制競爭效果與市場界定必要性上，可以發現公平會採用了最高行政法院2019年判決的最新見解。最後，也有2件案例提供了「需求者的界定」及其重要性非常好的說明素材，值得注意。另一方面，本文選擇1件以「特定多數人」作為宣傳對象之訊息傳播，被認定為「廣告」行為之不實廣告案例進行討論，分析公平會對於不實廣告之執法動向。又由於適逢公平會新任主任委員上任，藉由統整2021年行政權限運作的改變，本文也指出幾點未來值得繼續關注其發展之議題。

This article reviews several important cases pertaining to the Fair Trade Act in 2021, analyzes the perspective of recent implementation of the Act, and looks forward to future developments. The paper analyzes eight anticompetitive conduct cases with a focus on market definition, anticompetitive effect, and justification. First, there are some attractive, recent developments in the analysis of the justification of hardcore cartel and resale price maintenance cases. Second, with respect to the essentiality for market definition in hardcore cartel cases, the Taiwan Fair Trade Commission (TFTC) adopts the latest 2019 judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court. Finally, there are two cases that provide excellent material for a deeper understanding of “identification of consumers.” Nevertheless, this paper selects a case of misleading advertisement with a “specific group of persons” for the discussion on advertisement, to analyze the enforcement tendency of the TFTC on the misleading advertisement. Lastly, as the new chairperson of the TFTC takes office, this paper highlights a few issues worthy of attention in the future by summarizing the changes in the authority in 2021.