資料治理法制：歐盟模式之啟發

本文之研究目的為對於資料之應用情狀，尤其就私部門間以及私、公部門間資料近用與分享所生風險之資料治理問題，尋求可能的管制論理與架構。歐盟在2020年之後的整體資料策略明顯地以過去廿餘年來建立的對於個人基本權利與自由保障為核心價值，藉由多元而開放之資料流通法律框架而企圖達到民主治理的透明問責目的，並促進其數位市場的公平與均衡。本文認爲歐盟個資保護模式既然為我國個資法立法之借鏡，且個資法在我國已經施行廿餘年，再加上建構信任關係的資料受託者理論可為參考標的，因此本文以Jack Balkin教授之資訊受託人模式說明具有委託與信任關係特質之資訊中介者角色與相關之法律關係，並以歐盟資料治理法為參考點，分析可能的資料共享模式。再者，就資料利他之部分則使個人和企業法人得較容易地基於公共利益而獲取相關資料／個資，例如特定大規模對於資料／個資蒐集的研究而自願以同意方式提供資料，故必須建立對資料利他主義相關法律制度的信任關係。本文認為資料治理在以個資保護為核心價值的歐盟資料法制進展中，已然逐漸成形。我國如果企圖在資料近用與共享上迅速地與國際上之資料法制發展接軌，則必須至少考量歐盟之相關發展，而由於數位發展部依據其組織法乃主管關於資料治理事項，因此接下來數位發展部將是任重而道遠的重要機關，而必須加速完成相對應法制之籌劃。

This research aims to seek possible regulatory theories and frameworks for data applications, in particularly data governance issues related to risks arising from data access and sharing between the private sector and between private and public sectors. The EU's overall data strategy after 2020 will obviously take the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals established over the past two decades as its core value, and attempt to achieve the goal of transparency and accountability for democratic governance through a diverse and open legal framework for the freedom of data flow, and promote fairness and equilibrium in its digital market. In this regard, this research applies Prof. Jack Balkin's Information Fiduciary Model, and takes the DGA as a reference point to analyze possible data sharing models. Furthermore, data altruistic makes it easier for individuals and legal persons to obtain relevant data/ personal data based on public interests, such as voluntarily providing data by consent in certain large-scale researches on data/ personal data collection. A relationship of trust in the legal system related to data altruism must be established. This paper argues that data governance has gradually taken shape in the progress of the EU data legal system with personal data protection as its core value. If Taiwan attempts to quickly integrate with the international data legal development in terms of data access and sharing, it must at least consider the relevant development of the EU. Since the Ministry of Digital Development is in charge of data governance, it will be a crucial role with a long way to go, which must accelerate the completion of the corresponding legal planning.