共享經濟創新運輸資訊服務平台模式適法性現況與評析──以Uber為例

THE ANALYSIS AND LEGALITY FOR SHARE ECONOMIC MODEL OF EMERGING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PLATFORM: AN EXAMPLE OF UBER

由於資通信技術的快速發展，興起社群網絡的共享服務活動，而成立提供媒合小客車載客運輸服務的網路平台，以Uber（優步）最為著名。針對此類新創運輸網路公司之營運，政府主管機關首先關切的議題在於運輸網路公司的適法性，本研究之目的為研析創新運輸資訊服務平台模式下多方法律關係，藉由盤點各國對Uber營運之規範、我國關於計程車客運服務相關監管法規與創新運輸資訊服務平台之爭議，提供主管機關於立法、修法及納管機制，及業者調整營運策略之參考。然而，於修正汽車運輸業管理規則第103條之1後，其如此廣泛之法律授權，是否符合法律保留原則、授權明確性原則及比例原則應深入探討。建議我國可視網路或Apps叫車為一種媒合乘客與駕駛人需求的工具之一，無論透過何種平台媒合之駕駛，皆應具備相關的執照與保險。建議政府主管機關應盡早研擬針對「共享經濟創新運輸資訊服務平台」之特別規範，未來仍會有創新運輸經濟服務模式出現，或以新型態運具服務如無人機、自駕車等，此創新運輸模式對於現有法規合宜性上遭遇諸多挑戰，需後續持續研析。因此，建議政府主管機關可考量如美國加州新增「網路運輸業」監督管理，規範利用網路Apps應用程式或平台媒合顧客與運具，提供預約制的運輸服務。

Due to the rapid development of information and communication technology and the rise of social network shared service activities, the establishment of an online platform that provides the transportation services is the best known as Uber. For this new transportation network companies, the first concern of government authorities is the legality of the transportation network companies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the multi-legal relationship under the innovative transportation information service platform model. By collecting various countries' regulations on Uber operations and regarding the disputes between the relevant regulations on taxi transportation services and the emerging transportation service platform, results of this study could provide references for the competent authority to adjust laws or regulations, management mechanism, and the transportation industry to adjust their operating strategies. However, after amending Article 103-1 of the Regulations for the Management of the Automobile Transportation Industry, whether such a wide range of legal authorizations complies with the principles of legal reservation, principle of legal certainty, and proportionality principles should be further explored. It is recommended that use the Internet or Apps to call a vehicle as one of the tools to match the needs of passengers and driver. No matter what platform is used for ride-sourcing, they should have relevant licenses and insurances. In the future, there will still be innovative transportation economic service models, or new types of vehicles such as drones, self-driving vehicles etc. This innovative transportation service platform will encounter many challenges in the suitability of existing laws and regulations, and subsequent continuous research and analysis are required. Therefore, it is recommended that the government authorities should develop special laws or regulations for this innovative transportation information service platform for the sharing economy. For example, California has the supervision and management of the network transportation industry, standardizing the use of network applications or platforms providing reservation-based transportation services to match the customers and vehicles.