再置哈瑪星：常民保存與歷史現場

Re-Deploying Hamasen/Hámásing/Hamaxing: Vernacular Preservation and the History on Site

本文關注高雄市哈瑪星地區常民建築（vernacular architecture）的保存與再生過程中多重的行動與都市敘事。由抗爭而起的民間自主保存行動利用實際的建築修復、遺產概念的辯論、與在地歷史的挖掘重述，反抗都市的開發。保存運動增加了老建築的能見度，塑造哈瑪星成為現代高雄的根源，並指向公民參與都市建設與歷史保存的願景。哈瑪星港邊街廓與水岸的開發歷史，也接合上市政府重新塑造高雄的規劃。在老建築能見度提升之時，市政府再度引入中央與地方資金，進行文化建設與老屋整修，並將老建築再生併入為期八年的再造歷史現場計畫。哈瑪星的觀光熱度也吸引了以老屋為號召的商店，增加老屋的商品化與哈瑪星街區的觀光化。從拆除到活化，官方對哈瑪星的各種政策、公民團體的保存運動，以及老屋商業化間，存在對建築保存與都市空間的矛盾理念，彼此競逐卻又不時重合。本文從政策、資本與社會運動的互動中，分析現階段官方、民間、正式、非正式之歷史保存與敘事，探討常民建築如何轉化為官方與非官方的文化資產，參與者如何藉由建築述說地方歷史，建立常民生活的想像，並且表述當代都市公共生活的追求。

The article explores the politics of urban space by investigating the redevelopment of the seaside neighborhood Hamasing and the way citizen groups, heritage practices, and everyday life intersect in a changing landscape. Specifically, I am interested in how local efforts to preserve vernacular architecture intersect with the official program of “Regeneration of Historic Site,” a state-wide project that integrates historic preservation with urban governance and encompasses cross-departmental planning in collaboration with civic organizations. Controversies over the preservation of a street block drew public attention to Hamasing’s history and its Japanese-era architectures. As the city pushes for more development on the coast, older buildings are constantly under threat of being demolished. However, Hamasing’s old-time charm and its connection to the growth of Kaohsiung under Japan also plays a role in the city’s self-fashioning as the harbinger of Taiwan’s modernization. Hamasing’s growing popularity attracts businesses that seek to capitalize on its proximity to other tourist attractions and the allure of old houses. This paper aims to understand the following questions: How has Hamasing’s built environment resulting from Japan’s colonial expansion and the city’s postindustrial transformation become reconfigured and envisioned to generate different kinds of connections? How, as vernacular architecture became incorporated into official endeavor to produce an integrated historic landscape, do local preservationists navigate institutional constrains, market forces, and policy changes while at the same time contributing to these shifting frameworks? How unofficial, local, and vernacular endeavors to identify, define, and preserve common heritage contribute to the formulation of alternative interpretations of city life and mobilizing actions for the future?