困境與突破～田徑選手的情境焦慮、因應策略與心理韌性之研究

Dilemma and breakthrough ~ Research on Situational Anxiety, Coping Strategies and Resilience in Track and Field Athletes' Professional Training

目的：本研究探討田徑選手在專業訓練中的情境焦慮、因應策略與其心理韌性，以了解其專業訓練得以延續之歷程因素，藉由探究這些重要因素，有利實務工作協助運動選手培養更強大的心理健康與韌性。方法：採取質性研究，以個案研究方式進行，邀請十項全能的田徑選手進行訪談，將訪談內容謄寫為逐字稿，進行分析。結果：運動選手在專業訓練情境焦慮因素有：專業教練因素、訓練困頓因素、身體狀況因素。而運動選手面臨焦慮之因應策略有五項包括：設定目標與希望、認知轉化因素、心理素質因素、家人支持因素與專業教練因素。運動選手維持心理韌性之因子包括：因應思考、停頓、貴人支持、愉悅有自己的節奏、興趣與成績維持等等六項。結論：本研究從訪談了解運動員在專業訓練情境下面臨的困境，在其情境焦慮下，透過個人因應策略與提升心理韌性，夠有自我的突破。建議在運動員諮商中，以發展不同因應策略，著重提升心理韌性之因子，以協助運動選手突破困境。

Objective: This study explores the situational anxiety, coping strategies and resilience of track and field athletes under professional training in order to understand the process of how to prolong and sustain their physical and mental state under long-term professional training. Through the discussion of these important factors, this study aims to assist clinical sports counselors to assist professional athletes achieve stronger mentality and resilience and prepare them for future games. Methods: This study employs qualitative research methods by conducting case studies, a decathlon track and field athlete was invited to be interviewed. The interview was recorded and the content of the interview was transcribed verbatim for analysis. Participant: This study invited a decathlon male athlete in his freshman year who has been training since fourth grade of elementary school and has never changed his training program and category. This research uses thematic analysis method to analyze the interview text data and finds that the professional training situation anxiety of male decathlon track and field athletes and the factors related to coping strategies are contextually related to each other. Results: This study found that anxiety factors of athletes in professional training situations include the following three factors: professional coach factor, difficulties faced during training factor and physical condition factor. Five strategies athletes adopt to face anxiety include: set specific goals and visions, cognitive transformation factor, mentality factor, family support factor and professional coaching factor. Factors that assist athletes in maintaining resilience include the following six: responsive thinking, pausing, support from important others, working in one's own rhythm with joy, keeping interest and performance maintenance etc. Conclusion: This study aims to understand the difficulties faced by athletes in professional training situations through interview and how athletes face their situational anxiety and make breakthroughs possible with individual coping strategy and increase in resilience. This study suggests that, in sports counseling profession, development of multiple coping strategies and a focus on factors proposed by study finding can help increase resilience and assist athletes in making breakthroughs in their current dilemmas. Understanding the relevant factors of athletes' anxiety can provide athletes with clarification on their current dilemmas and help them develop useful coping strategies to achieve better mentality and maintain a stable physical and mental state for now and the future. Based on the results of this research, relevant specific suggestions are proposed to provide reference for relevant research and clinical workers in their clinical practice and for the future research and advancement of this profession in Taiwan.