平面類展品與觀眾互動之展示手法及案例分析：以國立臺灣歷史博物館「鉅變一八九五．臺灣乙未之役120週年特展」及「地圖很有事：地圖的臺灣史特展」為例

Display Methods on Interactions between Museum Visitors and Document Exhibits A Case Study on Two Special Exhibitions of NMTH, Transformations in 1895: 120 Years After the Japanese Conquest of Taiwan and Something about Map: Taiwan History in Map

博物館是一種教育、文化機構，從事一種文化推廣的事業，展示是博物館的四大功能之一，是教育的媒介，是蒐藏、研究成果的呈現，是休閒功能的一部分，藉展示以推行教育與推廣文化的目的。換言之，展示是博物館的主體之一，是博物館與觀眾溝通的橋樑。特展因較具機動性，藉舉辦更多不同主題與多元性的展覽，創造更多國內外巡迴展覽及交流的機會，不僅能主動深入各族群推廣，也適時反映時下話題，更能達到社會教育的功能，也因此博物館辦理的的特展常成為宣傳的主軸，扮演吸引觀眾的重要角色。但當特展中出現以平面類型為主或佔大多數比例展品之主題特展時，觀眾在參觀時容易產生疲勞感及視覺效果無法聚焦，如何將展覽呈現出豐富多元的氛圍，避免在展覽中難以吸引觀眾目光，成為策展團隊需要克服的課題之一。本文以國立臺灣歷史博物館兩檔平面類文物為主題的特展「鉅變一八九五．臺灣乙未之役120週年特展」及「地圖很有事：地圖的臺灣史特展」為例，展出的文物包括一般人較少接觸之古地圖、名冊、書信、書籍及文書檔案等類型，藉著分析這兩檔特展所使用的平面類文物展示手法，包括運用方式、不同方式的優點及可能產生之問題等，將平面類文物的展示方式歸納為兩種主要類型，期待透過分析不同的展示手法，及觀察觀眾實際上與這些展示手法的互動關係，歸納適合平面類文物展出的不同應用方式。本文所歸納的兩種主要展示手法類型，分為藉由文物原貌的呈現，發揮平面類文物的獨特性或共鳴性，展品本身可帶給觀眾的吸引力，以及將文物上所記載內容的資料加以轉化、延伸，可能轉化成互動裝置、影片，甚至是復原或示意的場景。期望可提供給不同的策展團隊未來策劃平面類文物為主的特展時，能更容易依不同主題挑選及使用適合的藉由平面類文物多元的展出形式，也能從歷史、生活、藝術等不同觀點帶領看見平面類文物更多不同的意涵，帶觀眾認識平面圖像維度外更多的文物真實面貌及所載資料的內涵。

Exhibitions are one of the four main functions of a museum, it links with the museum education, the display of museum research and collection achievements, makes up part of the visitor leisure, and also an important connection of between the museum and visitors. Special exhibitions, due to its flexibility comparing to fixed or permanent exhibits and ability to attract visitors, often become the main theme of museum propaganda. Museums also connect with different ethnic groups, discuss contemporary social issues through holding special and traveling exhibitions on various different topics, and there for accomplish the museum's feature on social education. But when it comes to special exhibitions displaying mainly paper documents, which normally don't interest or attract the attention of visitors, to overcome this disadvantage and create specific scenarios to match with the exhibition topic becomes a major subject of the curators. This article looks into two different exhibitions in of the NMTH, which displays paper exhibits such as maps, name lists, letters, books and other documents. Through observation on the display methods these exhibition use, we can divide their means into two separate types. One type is to display the exhibits directly and use the unique feature of documents and drawings to bring out sympathetic response from visitors; the other type is to extract the content of the document and convert it into interactive devices, films and even restored scenes. Through analyzing these different methods, this article hopes to provide future exhibitions with different ways of displaying document, which brings out the many rich phases of the document content through different angles such as history, art and daily life.