醫院安全風氣的概念與測量工具

Hospital Safety Climate: Concept and Measurement Tools

醫療機構工作環境潛藏著生物性、化學性與物理性的工作危害，醫護人員遵守安全工作行為與積極參加組織提升執業安全與病人安全活動，與照護品質息息相關。有鑑於醫療產業對於安全風氣與員工安全表現的研究較少，本文從促進醫護人員安全表現的角度介紹醫院安全風氣概念、影響醫院安全風氣的因素、醫院安全風氣與安全表現及安全結果的關係，及安全風氣測量之工具。建議管理階層營造安全工作環境以提升員工對管理階層安全承諾之正向感受，再由員工彼此分享對工作環境安全感受並由同儕行為互相影響，形成更安全的工作環境。此外，可藉由測量員工對安全風氣感受以確認安全風氣的優勢與劣勢，進而提出改善措施，此過程亦可提升員工對安全風氣的感受。

Work environments at healthcare organizations involve biological, chemical, and physical risks. Healthcare providers adhere to safe work practices and promote organizational activities proactively to improve practice safety and patient safety, both of which are closely linked to quality of care. In light of the limited research on safety culture and employee safety performance in the healthcare industry, this paper was developed to introduce the concept of hospital safety climate; the factors known to influence the safety climate in hospitals and safety performance and outcomes; and related safety climate measurement tools from the perspective of promoting safe performance among hospital healthcare providers. We recommend management create a safe work environment to reinforce employees' positive perceptions about the commitment of management to safety and subsequently promote shared beliefs regarding workplace safety and motivate employees to create a safer work environment. In addition, healthcare providers' perceptions of the safety climate should be assessed to identify strengths and weaknesses in the safety climate, guide the development of related improvement measures, and enhance the safety-climate perceptions of employees.