醫院安全氛圍與護理人員心理健康－－以職場暴力為例

Hospital Safety Climate and Nursing Staff Mental Health: The Example of Workplace Violence

職場暴力已被認為是工作場所嚴重的心理社會工作危害。護理人員相較於其他醫療專業人員，為職場暴力與心理健康不佳的高風險族群。職場暴力的問題不應只歸納於個人因素，更應該聚焦於組織氛圍因素。本文先介紹職場暴力的定義、類型及職場暴力的社會生態學觀點；另外說明職場暴力盛行率及職場暴力對心理健康之影響。最後提出安全氛圍的概念與其影響。期望透過本文，能促進讀者對職場暴力有更進一步的認識，以及對職場暴力有不同的觀點；個人除了瞭解職場暴力、學習因應措施與調適技巧，醫院更是需要創造良好的安全氛圍，以降低職場暴力的產生以及職場暴力對護理人員的負面影響。

Workplace violence is recognized as a serious psychosocial work hazard in the workplace. Nurses face higher risks of workplace violence and poor mental health than other medical professionals. In addition to addressing personal factors, workplace violence should be understood and managed in the context of the organizational climate. In this article, the definition and types of workplace violence and a socio-ecological perspective on workplace violence are introduced. In addition, the prevalence and impact on mental health of workplace violence are described. Lastly, the concept of safety climate and its influence on mental health are proposed. We hope this article provides readers with a better understanding of workplace violence and a contextual perspective on this issue. In addition to understanding workplace violence and learning coping strategies and skills, hospital managers should promote a positive climate of safety to reduce the occurrence of workplace violence and the impact of workplace violence on nurses.