沙特〈牆〉於戰爭處境下的創作及其在東亞的翻譯與流傳（1937-1969）

Jean-Paul Sartre’s Writing of“The Wall”and Its Translation and Reception in East Asia in Wartime Context (1937-1969)

沙特的短篇小說〈牆〉首先於1937年發表在法國的《新法蘭西評論》，然後從1938至1969年間，此篇小說在東亞地區（日本、中國大陸、香港和台灣）至少被翻譯了十一次，而這段時期剛好是東亞的戰爭時期，不論這個戰爭是指第二次世界大戰，還是指約1950年代開始於東亞場域的冷戰。巧合地，沙特創作〈牆〉的時候，其中一個創作動機也是為了回應西班牙內戰。因此，本篇文章希望以戰爭處境為核心線索，首先介紹〈牆〉的創作動機，它剛剛出版時在法國的即時接受情況，接著簡單考察〈牆〉在1938至1969年間於東亞地區的翻譯與流傳。最後，本文希望以「牆內」和「牆外」兩個層面，即文本內部和文本外部，簡單勾勒戰爭處境與這篇作品的創作，以及它在東亞的翻譯與流傳之關係。

Jean-Paul Sartre’s short story “The Wall” was first published in the French literary magazine La Nouvelle Revue française in 1937. From 1938 to 1969, the text was at least translated eleven times throughout the East Asian region (Japan, Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan). Such period falls within the wartime era of the region, no matter the war refers to the Second World War or to the Cold War that started in East Asia since the 1950s. Coincidentally, one of Sartre’s motives for writing “The Wall” was to respond to a war—the Spanish Civil War. Underlining the wartime context as the main thread, this essay aims to first introduce the motive for creation of Sartre’s “The Wall” and its reception by the readers when debuted in France, and then to briefly investigate its translation and circulation in the East Asian region from 1938 to 1969. In the end, I hope to outline the relationship between the wartime context and the text’s creation as well as its translation and reception in East Asia from two levels—“behind the wall” and “beyond the wall,” i.e. within the text and beyond the text.