早餐進食與運動對健康成年人執行功能的影響

Effects of breakfast consumption and exercise on executive function in healthy adults

早餐飲食與運動表現相關，目前研究皆針對生理表現部分（例如：爆發力或比賽成績）進行探討，對大腦認知執行功能的瞭解較為缺乏。本文獻回顧有無早餐進食狀態下運動對大腦認知執行功能表現的原創性研究，並針對可能機制加以討論。統整研究後發現，健康成年人在單次有無早餐進食（包括不同種類、份量和不同比例巨量營養素）下進行運動（連續性中等強度或高強度間歇運動），並不影響運動後立即的認知執行功能表現，但目前僅有5篇的相關研究，且皆為單次的立即性實驗設計。未來針對早餐進食與運動的大腦認知表現研究，可針對不同運動類型和實驗對象（例如：青少年學生或老年人）進行探討，並加入執行功能相關之血液指標測量。

Breakfast omission has been shown to impair exercise performance, (e.g., explosive or maximal power), but it is still unclear whether skipping breakfast prior to exercise could potentially impair brain function (e.g., executive function). Studies have shown that executive functions play an important role in the regulation of human behaviour, such as working memory, mental flexibility and inhibitory control. Therefore, the aim of present study was to extensively review the impact of breakfast consumption and/or omission prior to exercise on executive function in healthy adults. We found no effect of skipping breakfast prior to exercise on executive function in healthy adults. This was the case following varying types of breakfast and following different types of exercise (e.g., continuous moderate intensity or high-intensity intermittent exercise). Future research should investigate different types of exercise and different populations.