漁港遷移基礎設施脈絡反思：以澎湖漁工生活適應調查為例

Reflections on the Context of Migrant Infrastructures in Fishing Ports: A Case Study of the Adaptation of Foreign Fishermen in Penghu

2015年歐盟對臺灣漁業的黃牌警告，以及數起外籍漁工遭船長施虐躍上臺灣新聞版面，漁業勞動體系引起較為廣泛的關注。國內外籍漁工研究多從制度與遠洋漁業治理切入，著眼於境外聘僱漁工治理體系和權益。然而，相較於遠洋漁業，沿近海漁業外籍漁工的勞動現場或生活適應的觀察更少。
本研究透過遷移基礎設施架構和人類安全兩種視角，切入外籍漁工生活適應和漁港設施間的關聯性。遷移基礎設施部署，提供人口跨國流動便捷化，然而不同面向基礎設施有著不同運作邏輯，持續不意謂著安全、便捷亦不等同於受到尊重。因此人類安全視角提供不同民族國家的安全視角，檢視接收國架構遷移基礎設施移的不足之處。
本研究走訪澎湖漁港67座漁港其中的17座，我們發現澎湖漁港的分散、大小不一影響外籍漁工社群的組成和日常生活適應，遠離臺灣也讓人權團體難以持續關注當地外籍漁工。因此，部分漁港外籍漁工反應遭受雇主、仲介暴力，也面臨所在漁港欠缺熱水盥洗室、廁所等基礎設施的困境。同時，也有部分漁港的外籍漁工藉由和雇主維持良好關係，獲得簡易的空間與組建，建立屬於自己的房間，促進其適應異鄉生活。

In 2015, the European Union issued a yellow card warning to Taiwan’s fisheries. The proclamation coincided with several high-profile cases of hostility between boat captains and foreign fishermen, causing widespread concerns around the fishing industry. Following these incidents, most research on foreign fishermen in Taiwan have focused on governance of offshore fisheries, emphasizing management and protecting the rights and interests of foreign fishermen. However, labor scenes and everyday life of fishermen inbound fisheries have gained much less attention.
This study explores the relationship between foreign fishermen's living adaptation and fishing port facilities from two perspectives - through the framework on migration infrastructure and human security. Migration infrastructure provides insight into understanding cross-border population mobility. However, different infrastructures conform to different rules. Continuous does not mean safety and convenience are not the same as being respected. Therefore, the human security perspective accentuates different nation-states by examining how migration infrastructure in receiving countries fail to react and respond.
This research investigates local foreign fishermen and migration infrastructure in 17 out of 67 fishing ports in Penghu. We found that the dispersion and different sizes of Penghu fishing ports affected the composition of the foreign fishermen's community and their daily adaptations. Humanitarian groups were less likely to pay attention to foreign fishermen in Penghu due to its remote location from the main island. Therefore, we noticed that some employers often not only abused foreign fishermen, the of lack of infrastructure such as hot showers and toilets in fishing ports was also a pressing concern. At the same time, there were also foreign fishermen who maintained friendly relationships with their employers. They were able to obtain simple spaces and materials to build their own rooms. These facilities contributed towards adapting to living in a foreign land in some fishing ports.