《淡新檔案》所見清代地方司法裁判依據

法史學界普遍認同清代地方司法裁判依據主要是律法與情理。通過對《淡新檔案》的個案解讀，可知地方官在查究案情過程中，所仰賴的斷案依據，間接者為律法典章，直接者為地方民情；作為基層地方官員，淡水廳同知在“按律斷案”時，可能會“選擇性地忽略”《大清律例》和《福建省例》中的某些規定，運用閩省及臺灣府的某些地方性常識去切中案件背後的利害關係，理清法律關係的主導性和附帶性，以實現“先定分後止爭”的目的。另外，地方司法審判的程式成本也可能成為斷案的考量因素。地方治理上的差异性和獨特性要求地方司法目標不應局限于一時一事的調停，文本上的法與現實中的法之間的差距，需要靠州縣官運用常識來加以調和、修正及補充，于古于今，對律法的這種變通性適用都是司法實踐的妥適追求。

The academic community generally recognizes that the basis of the local judicial trials in the Qing Dynasty was mainly law and law and reasonableness Through the case study of Dansin Archives, during the process of investigating the case, the indirect basis of the local officials was the rules of law, while the direct basis the local morales. As a local official the magistrate of Tamsui county selectively ignored certain provisions in the Qing Code and Administrative Rules of Fujian Province, and used local common sense to analyze the case, in order to comprehend the interests behind it, to clarify the legal relations, and to finally achieve the purpose of ruling. In addition, the cost of local judicial trial procedures might also be a consideration for the case. The difference and uniqueness of local governance required that the goal of local justice should not be limited to the settling of specific cases, and the gap between the law in the book and the law in action needed to be reconciled and corrected by the use of common sense by the county magistrate. In addition, in ancient times, this kind of flexible application of the law was a proper pursuit of judicial practice, and also an worthy of in-depth exploration in modern times.