環境法典編纂視閾中的人與自然

法典編纂者所秉持的人類觀、自然觀，構成環境法典的“前見”，是環境法典編纂研究必須首先解決的立法哲學問題。環境法典中的人，集自然屬性與社會屬性于一身，經由從生態系統居民到地球村居民、從當代人到後代人的演變，其人性標準由理性經濟人拓展至“生態理性經濟人”。環境法典中的自然，呈現出“資源—環境—生態”三個面向，三者均為人類生存發展所必需的自然條件，但其對人的生存和發展的作用各不相同。環境法典應以全新人類觀、自然觀為基礎，將可持續發展、生態文明的哲學觀念轉化為具體的價值取向，通過重構法律關係的方式將“生態理性經濟人”假設與“一體三面”的生態環境概念體現為人們具體的權利義務。

The imaginaries of man and nature held by the legislator constitutes the underlying conception of the Environmental Law Code, which is an issue of legislative philosophy that should be addressed first and foremost in the study of environmental law codification. The image of man conceptualized in the Environmental Law Code has both natural and social attributes, expanding the standard of human nature from being economically rational to economically and ecologically rational, through the evolution from ecosystem inhabitant to global village inhabitant and from being concerned only with contemporary generations to also with future generations. The image of nature in the Environmental Law Code contains three dimensions of resources, environment and ecology, all of which are necessary to human survival and development with different functions. Based on the new imaginaries of man and nature, the Environmental Law Code transforms the concepts of sustainable development and ecological civilization into concrete value orientation, and embodies the assumption of“economically and rational man”and the notion of ecological environment in specific rights and obligations through the reconstruction of legal relations.