文革思潮下的《浪花》：論馬華左翼文學主體的開展與變化

The Lang Wah Magazine Under the Wave of Cultural Revolution: On the Development and Changes of Subjectivity in the Malaysian Chinese Left Wing Literature

本文以《浪花》雜誌為中心，探討兩個有關馬華左翼文學的問題。第一個問題追溯1947年馬華文藝獨特性大論爭之後的後續發展。本文指出，在該論爭結束之後「此時此地」精神得到持續發展，並在獨立建國時期從中國認同轉向馬來亞認同，馬華文藝必須服務於當地政治，而且還必須認同當地，成為當地公民。與此同時，馬華左翼文學陷入長期衰退。適逢此時，中國發動文化大革命，馬華左翼也深受影響。儘管如此，在《浪花》雜誌中，高漲的馬來亞本土意識卻未與中國文革形成衝突，反而兩相結合起來。本文欲探討的另一個問題，則是關於馬華左翼文學如何在文革潮期間進行在地實踐？本文選擇從譯介角度來處理這個問題。馬華左翼文學透過譯介與世界各地左翼文學建立關係，並藉此豐富馬華文庫，建立文學世界的左翼聯盟。在此當中，馬來文學與印尼文學成為其中一個非常重要的文化資源而被置於一個特殊位置。

This paper discusses two research questions on Malaysian Chinese (Mahua) left wing literature by studying Lang Wah Magazine. Firstly, it examines the development of Mahua Literature's subjectivity after the great debate about its uniqueness in 1947. As the spirit of ''Here and Now'' continued to grow, the national identity of Mahua literature transformed gradually from pro-China to pro-Malaya, especially during the nation building period in 1950s and 1960s. Mahua leftist writers started to see their literature at the service of local politics. On the other hand, the Cultural Revolution in China has greatly influenced the left wing writers when Mahua literature was in its regression. However, the new ideology from China did not clashed with the arising local identity among the writers, rather they weaved together quite well. Therefore, the second part of this paper examines how did the left wing Mahua writers carry out local practices through translation during the Cultural Revolution. Through connecting themselves with other left wing literature in the region and around the world, there was an attempt to form a ''left-wing literature alliance'' in the literary world. During this period, Malay and Indonesian literature were specifically important cultural resources and were treated specially.