馬來亞無政府主義運動的電影牽繫：1925年吉隆坡爆炸案中南洋影片公司的聯絡站角色初探

The Relationship between Anarchism and the Film Industry in Malaya: A preliminary Investigation into the Role of the Nanyang Film Company as Contact Point in the 1925 Kuala Lumpur Bomb Outrage

關於馬來亞反帝反殖的話語建構，目前大多集中在由共產主義所界定的論述框架內。對反共傾共議題的專注，儘管深化並且豐富了關於馬來亞、馬來西亞及新加坡的知識建構，卻也同時覆蓋了馬來亞及其論述尚未受左右二元思維與框架所主導的歷史時期，尤其是反帝反殖意識初萌芽的戰前時代。事實上，上世紀二十年代，新加坡和吉隆坡也曾是無政府主義者聚集與交匯的重要節點；以無政府主義去構造馬來亞的未來曾是一個真實的可能性。重訪這一個歷史片段可以提供一個契機，讓我們嘗試超克冷戰思維約制的知識及話語建構，更深廣地了解並拼湊馬來亞的多元面向。本文立意拓展目前有關二十世紀初馬來亞無政府主義境況的論述，著重探討南洋影片公司在1925年轟動馬來亞的吉隆坡爆炸案中所扮演的角色。通過理清南洋影片公司的無政府主義牽繫，為爆炸事件乃至馬來亞無政府主義運動和網絡，填上目前尚缺的若干鏈接。本文將指出，位於新加坡的南洋影片公司曾是個無政府主義聯絡站，並將參與吉隆坡爆炸案的廣州及馬來亞無政府主義者聚集起來。這即意味著，那場終結馬來亞無政府主義運動的爆炸案，實際上具有深厚的廣州元素。本文認為，馬來亞的無政府主義網絡並非僅包含政治組織、華校與報刊媒體，該影片公司也當被視為是其中不可漠視的節點之一。

Discourses on Malayan anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism are often articulated in communist terms. Although the focus on left/right and anticommunist/communist issues has no doubt enriched our understanding of Malaya, Malaysia and Singapore but at the same time, it has also overshadowed the historical period when Malaya and the discourses constructed around it have yet to be predominantly driven by a left/right binary framework, particularly the pre-war period when anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist thought first appeared in Malaya. In the twentieth century, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur (KL) were in fact important nodes where anarchists gathered; constructing a future Malaya through the ideals of anarchism was once a real possibility, albeit only for a fleeting moment in history. Revisiting this historical moment thus potentially presents an opportunity to overcome the Cold War stranglehold in knowledge production, providing insights to an understudied side of a multi-dimensional Malaya. In this light, this paper seeks to further current understandings of twentieth century Malayan anarchism by focusing on the role that Nanyang Film Company played in the pivotal 1925 KL bombing incident. Through identifying the company’s links to anarchism, this paper fills in some of the missing links in the KL bombing incident network and in the Malayan anarchist network at large, positing that the Singapore-based Nanyang Film Company was a main contact point for anarchists from Guangzhou and Malaya who were involved in the planning and execution of the bombing. In other words, the KL bombing incident which effectively ended the anarchist movement in Malaya was actually intricately linked to the Guangzhou anarchist network and, beyond what is conventionally known, the Malayan anarchist network did not just include the usual combination of political parties, Chinese schools and print media; the film company in question was also an important nexus in this expansive network of anarchism.