糧食安全與民主政體

FOOD SECURITY AND DEMOCRACY

本研究採用《經濟學人》之「全球糧食安全指標」與「民主指標」，運用集群分析法，檢視 2018 年全球 113 個國家糧食安全度與政治體制之關係。樣本國家依「支付能力」、「供應能力」、「品質及安全」及「自然資源與復原力」四個主指標之相似度集群，分為「全面安全組」、「全面低落組」與「支付能力安全組」。研究結果顯示，政治體制與糧食安全程度存在顯著相關性。完全民主體制之國家皆為糧食全面安全組；糧食安全度全面低落組，皆非民主體制國家 (含完全民主及部份民主)。民主與否（專制與混合政權 vs 完全民主與部分民主）與糧食安全度（全面低落、支付能力安全、全面安全）存在顯著正向關聯性。

Using the Global Food Security Index and Democracy Index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), this study applies a cluster analysis (k-means) to examine the nexus of food security and government type across countries in 2018. The data-driven clusters are based on four factors: Affordability, Availability, Quality and Safety, and Natural Resources and Resilience. One hundred and thirteen countries are divided into three clusters, namely Fully Secure Group, Fully Insecure Group and Affordability Secure Group. The results show that there exists a significant correlation between government type and food security. Countries with full democracy are all members of Fully Secure Group. None of the countries in Fully Insecure Group are democratic countries. Democracy (authoritarian and hybrid regime vs full democracy and partial democracy) is significantly positively correlated with food security (fully insecure, affordability secure, fully secure).