此是惡人榜樣：論《水滸傳》及其三種續書中「軍／賊」形象之鏡像關係

The Retribution for the Villains: The Mirroring between Officers and Bandits in Water Margin and Its Ming-Qing Sequels

《水滸傳》寫一百八人輾轉於強盜與軍官，歷來曾引來「假道學」或「真忠義」之分歧評價。當宋江剿滅同樣名列「四大寇」之渠魁，以自我抹消方式來去邪歸正，卻仍難逃鴆酒，讓人好奇昔日的草寇與今時的叛賊，何者的結局才是「惡人榜樣」？《水滸傳》所留下的道德辯難，在明清三部續書持續發酵。《水滸後傳》繼承原作忠義精神，但好漢與仇敵的和解有著自欺欺人的前提；《後水滸傳》調整宋江的愚忠路線，卻尷尬地將英雄放在良臣的對立面；《蕩寇志》讓蕩寇者成為被掃蕩的對象，陳希真的草澤報國看似圓滿，然而作者的理想充滿了虛幻。無論如何，從原作到續書，軍／賊始終被並置於曖昧不明的鏡像兩端，而穿梭其中的王進，則隱藏了一條值得關注的線索。

Water Margin tells the story of Liangshan heroes who revolted against the suppression of the central government and finally surrendered. These people were bandits and officers at the same time. Thus, should they be regarded as loyal? Song Jiang was labeled as one of 'The Four Bandits' by the emperor but he surrendered and eliminated the other bandit leaders as atonement. Song Jiang was eventually murdered by poison and it may cause the readers to wonder which should be the retribution for the villains who maintained their identities as bandits or summited to the government. The moral issues left by Water Margin continued to the three sequels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shui Hu Hou Zhuan admits the loyalty of the original, but the reconciliation between Liangshan heroes and their enemies was based on the premise of double standards. While Hou Shui Hu Zhuan reversed Song Jiang's blind loyalty, it embarrassedly doubted that the heroes and the good ministers were contrary to each other. In Dang Kou Zhi, Chen Xi-Zhen was awarded by Emperor Huizong of Song for his contribution to the destruction of the bandits on Liangshan, while the muddle-headed monarch in Water Margin suddenly becoming enlightened was full of absurdity. However, from Water Margin to Dang Kou Zhi, heroes and bandits are always placed on both ends of the mirror beyond blurred boundaries, while Wang Jin's appearance in the three sequels hides a clue worthy of attention.