明代鄉會試第二場擬宋表探論

A Study on Ni Song Biao from the Second Test in Provincial Examinations and Metropolitan Examinations

明代鄉、會試分三場，第二場考試表文，多以擬代朝臣上表給國君命題作文，明中葉前後，尤常出擬宋表。本論文立足於先前的研究基礎上，探討明代鄉、會試擬宋表諸問題，包含：擬宋表常見之主題，擬宋表出自兩宋諸國君在位時期的統計、分布、解釋，所擬代對象之分析等。以明鄉、會試表題，以及為士子習表、應試而編的舉業用書為主要研究材料，使用歷史文獻分析法及統計法進行研究，旨在提升對明代鄉、會試表文出題的理解，也呈現宋代諸大家表文，在明代科場傳播的現象。

Provincial Examinations and Metropolitan Examinations in the Ming Dynasty consisted of three tests, and the second test was Expressive Documents (biao wen). The topic to the test of Expressive Documents was typically set as emulating officials to write the Expressive Documents and submit to the Emperors (ni song biao). Such type of topic, takes emulating the Song Officials to write Expressive Documents to the Emperors as an example, was particularly seen in the early and the late of the Ming Dynasty. Based on my previous research, this study probes into the test of Ni Song Biao in Provincial Examinations and Metropolitan Examinations of the Ming Dynasty including the frequent topics, Ni Song Biao calculated statistically from the reign of two Song Emperors, distributions, interpretations, and the emulated Song Officials. This study analyzes the topics of Ni Song Biao and the preparation books of Expressive Documents for the imperial examinations, and adopts methods of historical document analysis and statistics. The purpose of this study is to elevate the understanding to the test topics and presents the condition of dissemination and acceptance of the Song Officials' Expressive Documents in the Ming imperial examination.