從社群媒體觀察屏東菸葉廠文化資產保存的民眾參與意見

Exploring Public Participation and Views on Social Media regarding the Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Pingtung Tobacco Factory

文化資產永續保存是目前國際間重視的議題，其中民眾參與更是文化資產永續保存不可或缺的部分。民眾參與的首要目的是讓民眾了解文化資產場域保存的意義與價值，因此，民眾對文化資產保存的觀點成為了重要的觀察指標。再者，具文化資產價值的保存與經營，體現在根源於文化資產有形及無形文化資源的應用。本研究的動機，起因於屏東縣政府目前正積極地進行工業遺產屏東菸葉廠文化資產保存的相關工作，因此籌劃了展覽活動，讓民眾有機會進入昔日不易進入菸葉生產場域，促成本研究欲探討該場域文化資產民眾參與的議題。工業遺產是其中一個需要被積極守護的文化資產類別。許多民眾第一次參加體驗屏東菸葉廠這類工業遺產的空間與活動，民眾參加體驗的意見，正好成為本研究可觀察屏東菸葉廠保存是否可提升民眾對於菸葉廠保存的意識，進而分析民眾對於屏東菸葉廠保存再利用的觀點，此為本研究主要目的。當今民眾普遍應用社群媒體發表意見，恰能提供做為民眾體驗文化資產保存的意見發表媒介。
本研究將以屏東菸葉廠作為研究場域，並以2019臺灣設計展的舉辦為研究對象，應用質性研究方法中的文獻分析法及觀察研究法，探討當時活動在屏東菸葉廠的民眾體驗情形。本研究使用社群媒體Google Maps蒐集民眾對於屏東菸葉廠的評論（包含照片及文字），並進行編碼分析，探討2019臺灣設計展的舉辦是否能協助民眾了解屏東菸葉廠的文化資產價值，以及民眾對於屏東菸葉廠保存再利用的看法。本研究發現，2019臺灣設計展的舉辦有助於民眾認識屏東菸葉廠的文化資產保存意義與價值。而在民眾表達的意見上，本研究也整理出民眾對於屏東菸葉廠的介紹、民眾的感受、正面評語、負面評語，以及民眾的期許等訊息與建議。針對民眾的意見，本研究認為在屏東菸葉廠內活動舉辦地點，要以能協助民眾認識該場域的文化資產保存意義與價值為原則，並且可適時地運用屏東菸葉廠的有形與無形文化資源，強化屏東菸葉廠文化資產價值的詮釋（interpretation），這樣才有助於民眾了解文化資產。另外，針對民眾所提出的意見，本研究也提出幾點建議。在廠區的保存規劃上，在修復上須適時保留工廠昔日作業設施與標語以傳遞工廠氛圍，同時兼顧民眾參觀安全。而在導覽解說方面，可針對導覽志工加強培訓。最後在消息的公告上，可再加強推廣，讓更多人認識屏東菸葉廠及其相關資訊，並且也可以多舉辦與屏東菸葉廠規劃相關的講座及說明會等，讓民眾有更多的機會參與保存。此外，目前屏東菸葉廠的民眾參與，對於包容性的原則著墨較少，未來屏東縣政府在規劃屏東菸葉廠的活化再利用，應適度考慮族群、性別等議題，以強化包容性的文化資產保存永續目標。

Sustainable conservation of cultural heritage is a crucial topic that currently receives substantial attention from international communities. Particularly, public participation is an indispensable part. To facilitate public participation in such conservation, the conservation value of cultural heritage fields must be introduced to the public. Therefore, the public’s views regarding the conservation of cultural heritage become an important indicator that is worthy to observe. Furthermore, the conservation and management of cultural heritage value is embodied in the application of tangible and intangible cultural resources rooted in cultural heritage. This motivation of study is that the Pingtung County Government has been actively engaging in the conservation of the industrial heritage in the Pingtung Tobacco Factory, and accordingly designed an exhibition to provide the public with an opportunity to visit the tobacco production factory that could not be easily accessed previously. This prompted this study to explore the issue of public participation in the cultural heritage site. Industrial heritage is a type of cultural heritage that requires protection. Numerous people visited this type of industrial heritage (i.e., the Pingtung Tobacco Factory) for the first time. These people’s views of an experience tour can be used to understand whether the conservation of the Pingtung Tobacco Factory raises the public’s awareness of preserving tobacco factories and that how the public think of reutilization of the factory. This is the main purpose of this study. The public commonly express their views on social media, including their cultural heritage conservation experience.
In this study, the Pingtung Tobacco Factory served as the research setting and that Taiwan Design Expo’19, along with the qualitative research methods including documental analysis and observation research methods, was used as an example to explore the public’s experience in visiting the Pingtung Tobacco Factory. The social media adopted in this study were Google Maps. By collecting people’s comments about the Pingtung Tobacco Factory (including photos and texts) and coded them, we analyzed whether Taiwan Design Expo’19 facilitated people’s understanding of the conservation value of the cultural heritage and examined their views regarding preserving and reutilizing the factory. The research results revealed that Taiwan Design Expo’19 did facilitate people’s understanding of the conservation value of the Pingtung Tobacco Factory. In addition, this study presented how people introduced the factory, their positive and negative comments, and their expectations and suggestions. According to visitors’opinions, this study considered that the locations for holding activities in the Pingtung Tobacco Factory must be those that can assist people in understanding relevant conservation value of cultural heritage; tangible and intangible cultural resources in the locations to strengthen the interpretation of the cultural heritage value of Pingtung Tobacco Factory. This should also be adequately utilized to facilitate people’s understanding of cultural heritage. Moreover, on the basis of the public views, this study proposed several suggestions. In the restoration, the old operating facilities and slogans of the factory must be kept in a timely manner to convey the factory atmosphere and that people’s safety during their visit must be considered. Regarding visit guidance, volunteer guides should be provided with intensified training. Finally, the Pingtung Tobacco Factory and relevant information should be publicized to help people learn about the factory. Related forums and seminars can also be held to provide people with opportunities to participate in the conservation of the factory. In addition, the current public participation of Pingtung Tobacco Factory pays little attention to the principle of inclusiveness. In the future, when planning the revitalization and reuse of the Pingtung Tobacco Factory, the Pingtung County Government should appropriately consider issues such as ethnicity and gender in order to strengthen the sustainable goal of inclusive cultural heritage conservation.