日本殖民都市的空間設計策略──以臺南大正公園圓環為例

Spatial Design Strategies of Japanese Colonial City Taking Tainan Taisho Park Roundabout as an Example

日本政府於1895年將臺灣納入版圖後，實行殖民統治，然而毫無殖民經驗的日本初期遇到許多的困境。尤其臺南自古即為臺灣的政治、經濟、文化首邑，也是抗日最激烈的城市，是故，總督府須以更謹慎的態度應對，而仿效西方先進國家的治理經驗及技術應是最快速有效的方法。本文以臺南市於日治時期，當局陸續公告的市區改正、市區計劃及都市計劃的空間改造為架構，透過殖民政府所規劃的大正公園圓環為主要彙整、思考、及檢討的對象，以對當時的都市空間系統的原則及目的等進行討論。首先，本文描述晚清臺南府城的空間底蘊及城市基底；其次，探討總督府對臺南市的空間改造計劃，以契合未來發展及潛移默化殖民統治的正當性；最後，從圓環所形成的都市空間體系、功能與價值等進行說明與省思。研究發現，圓環的空間策略是總督府政治性及權威性的空間展示、是居中整合的交通布局和空間體驗、是協助殖民時期的城市治理、也是日人借鏡西方放射狀式都市設計的關鍵處方，這對後續都市計畫與都市設計具有相當的啟示性。

Japan acquired Taiwan as a colony in 1895. However, its initial inexperience led to various problems. Taiwan’s oldest city, Tainan, had long been the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. It was also where the Japanese encountered the fiercest resistance. Therefore, the Government-General of Taiwan was forced to treat the city with caution, and the governance experience and techniques of advanced Western countries were regarded as the most effective ones. This article used the Tainan City’s urban corrections, urban expansion plans, and urban plans during the Japanese colonial period. Discuss the principles and purpose of the urban space system at that time. First, this study described the spatial background and urban base of Tainan City in the late Qing Dynasty. Second, analyses were conducted on the space transformation plan of the Governor's Mansion. Finally, the study explored the function and value of the urban space system formed by the roundabout. The study found that the roundabout strategy was the political and authoritative spatial display of the Government-General of Taiwan, the centrally integrated transportation layout and spatial experience, and assisted in the urban governance during the colonial period, and was the technique for Japanese to follow the prescription of Western radial urban design.