自由保守與國粹保守：現代日本保守主義的兩種面向

Liberal Conservatism and National Conservatism: Two Aspects of Modern Japanese Conservatism

現代日本保守主義歷來深受學術界的關注，尤其1990年代以後，日本政治社會往往被視為開始右傾化，因而出現許多從批判性角度分析日本保守主義的著作。然而，過去較少有從政治思想的角度切入之研究，故本文試圖彌補此空缺。保守主義是法國大革命以來構成現代政治思想的重要潮流，故為了理解現代日本的保守主義，政治思想的視角是不可或缺的。鑒於此，本文提出自由保守與國粹保守的分析框架，並從此角度對現代日本保守主義進行分析。自由保守是依據西方保守主義的思維，重視從「保守的」角度進行思考；國粹保守則繼承西方衝擊以來「保守日本性」的國粹思維。兩者的分歧主要展現對大東亞戰爭和日本國憲法的評價上，故本文在界定自由保守與國粹保守的概念後，針對現代日本保守主義者對這些議題的論述進行分析，期望以此向學術界提供理解現代日本保守主義的一種視角。

The literature and academia have paid widespread attention to modern Japanese conservatism. Japan’s political society tends to be considered as leaning towards the right especially after the 1990s, resulting in many studies focusing on modern Japanese conservatism and criticizing its phenomenon. Past studies, however, did not often analyze the issue from the viewpoint of political thought, and therefore, this essay aims to fill such a gap.
Conservatism has taken on an important role around the world, constituting modern political thought ever since the French Revolution, which means we should take the viewpoint of political thought in order to appreciate modern Japanese conservatism. For this reason, this study proposes an annalistic framework of liberal conservatism and national conservatism as follows: liberal conservatism is based on western conservatism, which places emphasis on thinking in conservative ways; national conservatism inherits a national way of thinking that is impacted by the West, which puts high priority on conserving Japanese-ness. The difference between the two appears clearly in evaluations about Great East Asia War and the Constitution of Japan. Thus, this study, defines liberal conservatism and national conservatism, and then analyzes the speeches and writings of modern Japanese conservatives regarding these two topics. Overall, this essay provides an important viewpoint for appreciating modern Japanese conservatism.