與脆弱共存：新加坡如何應對 2020年 Covid-19 大流行的危機？

Living with the Vulnerability: How Singapore has responded to the crises of the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic?

截至2022年6月10日，新加坡的確診病例總數已達到1,335,625例，其中1,396人死亡。迄今為止，新加坡被外界廣泛認為是全球抗擊Covid-19大流行的成功典範之一。尤其是新加坡的低死亡率（0.10452%左右），得益於其穩健的醫療體系，能夠有效抵禦多波新冠病毒感染，而不會因“體系崩潰”而筋疲力盡。然而，每個硬幣都有正反兩面，新加坡的成功實際上源自於物理脆弱性及其衍生的圍城心理。這意味著新加坡的經驗只能參考，不能複製。一方面，維持這個島國的經濟繁榮被視為一個至關重要的問題，新加坡因此聚集了約545萬居民，在一個土地面積僅728.3平方公里的島嶼上，並實現了東南亞人均GDP（59,797美元）的最高水平。另一方面，新加坡的人口密度（7485人／平方公里）導致新加坡政府在處理城市環境壓力和塑造危機意識以應對其物理脆弱性方面處於不利境地。當2020年的Covid-19大流行發生在新加坡時，迫使這個島國立即全力應對這一未知的國家安全威脅和附帶損害（例如2020年經濟增長率為-5.09%）。

Until 10 June 2022, Singapore’s total number of confirmed cases has reached to 1,335,625 including 1,396 deaths. So far, the case of Singapore is widely regarded by the outside world as one of the world’s successful models to fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, Singapore’s low mortality rate (around 0.10452%) is based on its firm health care system which can efficiently resist multiple waves of new corona virus infections without being exhausted via “system collapse.” However, every coin has two sides, Singapore’s medical success actually comes from its physical vulnerability and derivated siege mentality. That means Singapore’s experience can only be referred, not copied, due to its unique political-economic scenario. On the one side, maintaining this island-state’s economic prosperity is regarded as a vital issue, therefore Singapore gathers about 5.45 million inhabitants living in a small land area (728.3 km2 ) and achieved the highest GDP per capita ($59,797) in Southeast Asia. On the other side, Singapore’s population density (7,485 people/km2 ) results the Singaporean government in an unfavorable situation for handling with urban environmental pressure and shaping crisis awareness to confront its physical vulnerabilities. When the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic reached to Singapore, which has forced this island-state to immediately respond to this unknown national threat and the collateral damages (such as the 2020 annual economic growth is -5.095%) with all forces.