對應與共振－－唐代小說音樂書寫的兩個面向

Correspondence and Resonance: Two Aspects of Music Writing in Fiction of the Tang Dynasty

唐代音樂蓬勃發展，故於唐代小說中出現大量與音樂有關的敘事，而這些敘事大抵呈現儒家音樂倫理觀的體現和音樂感通萬物的演繹兩個面向，根據本篇的分析，唐代小說對音樂的書寫多與政治發展息息相關，不僅以音樂為政治教化的工具，同時於許多與玄宗和安史之亂相關的音樂敘事中，寄寓了唐代政治衰微的關切，甚至在專門記述音樂的小說專書中，反覆於此致意，充分展現了「審樂以知政」音樂與政治對應的儒家思維。此外，在唐代小說中亦多見音樂引發萬物共振的敘事，特別表現越界的感通交會之上，揭示出音樂可待臻於至境的無限可能，用以傳達音樂的絕妙和神秘。而在共振感通的基礎上，唐代小說亦多見由知「音」到知「人」的敘述，流洩出士人對知音的渴望。

Music flourished in the Tang Dynasty, subsequently much music-related writing appeared in the Tang fiction. Relevant narrations mainly showed two representative aspects, one was the embodiment of Confucian ethics as expressed through music, the other was the correspondence among all things in the world derived through music. This paper reveals that writing about music in the Tang fiction was closely related with political development. Music was used as a tool for political education, many musical narratives about Xuanzong and the An Shi Rebellion epitomized the concern about political decline in the Tang Dynasty as well. Tang fiction authors repeatedly noted overtly or covertly political condition at the time in fiction specifically dedicated to music, thereby fully demonstrated that music and politics corresponded with each other in Confucianism, i.e., ＂discriminate the music in order to know (the character of) the government.＂ In addition, there were also many stories about music causing resonance among all things on earth in the Tang fiction, especially aesthetic correspondence across boundary. These stories revealed the infinite potential of music to lead people to the utmost realm and illustrated the excellence and mystery of music. Based on the resonance and aesthetic correspondence, Tang fiction often incorporated narrations about the association between knowing the ＂meaning of music＂ and knowing ＂persons,＂ which revealed the authors' longing for bosom friends.