書道之美──晚清碑學「包體」──包弼臣

The Beauty of Calligraphy Late Ching Dynasty Monument Script＂Pao Script＂-Pao Bi-Chen

書法使用毛筆書寫漢字，漢字以「象形文字」作為基礎，具有獨特性的美感，取其形似概括而來，強化象徵性質，在岩石、石板與青銅……文物都有保留。「甲骨文」、「小篆」、「籀文」……都是字形結構特殊的漢字，透過這些古老文字，穿越古典文化，不難洞悉中國書法豐厚人文底蘊。本文第一節建構書法直觀美學，中國古典藝術風雅古樸，孔子是中國思想的奠基者，從「仁道」出發，天下歸於「仁」，就是美學的理想境界。對於大自然，中國人有份特殊情感，將生命寄情山水哲學。《莊子》「天地有大美而不言」、「夫得是，至美至樂也」，與大自然合為一，自在自得就是中國書法的極致美學。第二節則概論清代書法，承接元、明而來，在人文思想導引之下，文人筆墨意趣橫生，民族色彩濃郁，清代晚期新舊交替、中西融合之下變化發展，不同於西方，清代晚期書法展現豐富的特殊性。第三節進一步論述四川碑學與｢包體」書法，包弼臣獨尊「碑體」，透過詩文針砭時事，如何在傳統中力挽狂瀾，建立「包體」，以及對於書法史學教育的影響與建樹。巴蜀山水秀麗人文薈萃，文化瑰麗多姿，包弼臣，四川南溪人，曾孫女為銘傳大學創辦人包德明。筆者目前任職於銘傳大學通識中心，著力於中國藝術理論鑑識與古畫摹寫教學，更加入一己創作書法；作為養成提升學生素養，銜接二十一世紀貫通東西，創新未來教學理念，具體實踐「美感力」理想。

Chinese calligraphy were written mostly with brushes. It is unique and beautiful and originated from hieroglyphics that derived from observing nature. As time went on, whether on stone carvings or bronze castings alike, It descended from 'Oracle bones', 'Xiao Zhuan', 'Zhou Wen' and others which demonstrated the depth of Chinese culture and aesthetics in calligraphy. First chapter discussed the visual beauty of calligraphy. The study of aesthetics in classical Chinese writings was established by Confucius. It came from ＂Rendao benevolence ＂with an emphasis on imitating nature. Zhuangzi said 'Universe encompasses the unspoken beauty' and being part of nature is the epitome of Chinese calligraphy. The second chapter is calligraphy of Ching Dynasty which descended from Yuen and Song, charming and interesting, full of tribal colorations. It incorporated western influences, but exhibited its own unique styles. The third chapter is on Sichuan Monument Script and Pao Bichen. He created his style regardless of the push backs from old traditions. Born in Nanxi, Sichuan which is a beautiful and desired gathering place for scholars. Pao Tehming, his great granddaughter, was the founder of Ming Chuan University. In order to fulfill the teaching of aesthetics and multifaceted curriculum of creativity, as an associated professor there with a focus on Chinese art theory, art identification and ancient art imitations, I have incorporated my own calligraphy creations to boost the literacy of the students.