文在寅時代的南韓與印度政經關係

South Korea’s Relations with India under Moon Jae-in

國際關係經貿化、世界經濟區塊化與中國崛起使韓國與印度不約而同地都改變他們的貿易政策，越來越重視與海外洽簽自由貿易協定(FTA)。在FTA交涉過程中，南韓是採取積極的一方，而印度則堅持洽簽含括服務業貿易協定的全面經貿夥伴協定(CEPA)下，南韓以退為進，接受印方要求，雙方最終於2009年簽署彼此互利的CEPA。南韓成為第一個與印度有CEPA的東北亞國家，而印度則從韓方爭取到自然人移動開放，且一年後逼得日本亦與印度簽署經濟夥伴協定(EPA)。本文主旨在探討21世紀的南韓與印度政經關係，尤其聚焦於全面經貿夥伴協定(CEPA)、莫迪(Narendra Modi)因素與韓國文在寅(Moon Jae-in)總統的新南方政策(New Southern Policy)三大變數，首先將剖析韓國對印度自由貿易協定策略；繼而討論韓國與印度簽署CEPA的動機、目的與生效後對兩國經貿的影響，終而論評文在寅總統新南方政策下韓印兩國關係的意義與雙邊未來關係的展望與挑戰。

With the advent of the 21st century, given the economization of international relations, the regionalization of global economy and the rise of China, South Korea and India have recalibrated their trade policies coincidentally and both have growing interest in entering into bilateral free trading agreements (FTA). During the FTA negotiation process, South Korea approached India first. South Korea favored FTA centering on trade in goods, while India preferred Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agree-ment (CEPA) including trade in services in particular. With the India’s insistence, South Korea signed CEPA with India in 2009 so as to become the first Northeast Asia country enjoying preferential accesses to India market. For India, it not only earned free movement of natural persons treatment from South Korea, but also brought about India-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) a year later.
The purpose of this article is to explore South Korea-India political and economic interactions in the 21st century, with a particular focus on their bilateral CEPA, the Modi factor as well as South Korean President Moon Jae-in’s New Southern Policy (NSP). It will begin with South Korea’s FTA strategy toward India, followed by deciphering South Korea’s motivations and goals to sign CEPA with India as well as assessing economic implications after the implementation of CEPA, and finally analyzing the meaning of South Korea-India relations under Moon Jae-in’s New Southern Policy as well as making projections for prospects and challenges of the bilateral relations under the current conservative President Yun Seok-yeol.