論黃仲則〈戒壇四松歌〉中之松與龍

The pine trees and Chinese dragon on Huang Zhongze’s‘the four pines of zhijietan temple poem’

黃仲則〈戒壇四松歌〉一詩讚頌古松千古恆青、堅貞高潔、孤傲自侍的君子形象外，將其比擬為龍，能飛天遁海、興雲起雨、飄忽不定、狂傲不羈的形象。全詩以佛家禪語典故行文，仲則在仕途失意、求官無成，面對達官顯貴卻傲岸不群，登臨戒壇賞松之際，藉由戒壇寺中的古松化龍，以松喻龍，以松、龍喻己，更融入佛門禪學中的龍王護佛法形象，驍勇善戰的高超本領，寄遇人生之仕宦之心。將古松融入佛門修行之意，在失意苦悶中，追求自我精神解脫，在佛門中學習與內心情緒共處之解脫之道，雖歷盡風霜，依然流露出處變不驚應世形象。

Huang Zhongze’s’the four pines of zhijietan temple poem’not only praised the ancient pines which are such evergreen, faithful, noble, unsullied, and aloof and proud gentleman images, but also it compares the ancient pines to Chinese dragons which can the flying and burrowed, rainmaking, shifting , proud, uninhibited. He wrote this poem by the allusions of the Buddha’s words. Although he was disappointed in his political official career and failed for the office seeker, he was still conceited and incompatible with the world to face the dignitaries. By climbing the zhijietan temple and admiring ancient pines, he compared the pine to the dragon, and also compared the pine and the dragon to himself. Then he integrated the image that dragon king protects dharma, and the brave and fierce ability in the battle for the Zen Buddhism into this poem to present that he wished to be a government official. He also integrated the meaning of the Sādhanā into this poem. Pursue the self-relief in his frustrated and depressed life. Also learn the path of liberation with his internal emotion in Buddhism. Although he had experienced many vicissitudes of life, he still exuded the image of the presence of mind in an emergency.