執行自我控制活動與自我控制特質交互作用對聚斂性與擴散性思考的效果

Effects of Interaction between Exercising Self-Control and Trait Self-Control on Convergent and Divergent Thinking

本研究目的在探究執行自我控制活動與自我控制特質之交互作用對聚斂性與擴散性思考之影響。研究一將92位大學生隨機分派至執行自我控制組與中性組。執行自我控制組操弄的方式為要求參與者在寫一個旅行故事時，不能寫「イ」或「口」部件的字，中性狀況則沒有這樣之限制，之後被要求完成批判性思考測驗。結果發現，執行自我控制活動主要效果並未降低聚斂性思考，也發現在執行自我控制活動狀況下，高自我控制特質參與者在聚斂性思考表現上低於低自我控制特質者，然而，中性組狀況下，高、低自我控制特質者間並未呈現差異。研究二以77位大學生為參與者，在自變項操弄方式、測量自我控制特質工具上同研究一，只是將依變項改為擴散性思考測驗。結果發現，執行自我控制活動之主要效果提升擴散性思考表現，而且，在執行自我控制活動狀況下，高自我控制特質者在獨創力之表現高於低自我控制特質者。這些發現闡明自我控制特質調節執行自我控制活動對聚斂性思考與發散性思考效果，本研究對理論與實務具有實質性意義。

Researchers have investigated the influence of exercising self-control on an individual’s convergent and divergent thinking, discovering that participants demonstrate poor convergent thinking after exercising self-control (Baumeister et al., 1998; Schmeichel et al., 2003). However, Chiu (2014) and Chiu et al. (2017) observed that after exercising self-control, participants demonstrated improved divergent thinking, indicating that exercising self-control resulted in contrasting effects on convergent and divergent thinking. Although studies have indicated that exercising self-control reduced convergent thinking performance, they have also found that exercising self-control enhanced divergent thinking performance. However, the effects of the interaction between exercising self-control (e.g., active self-control ) and trait self-control (TSC) and convergent–divergent thinking have yet to be investigated. In one study, convergent and divergent thinking performance were negatively correlated (r = -.54; Chiu, 2010), and hence, we would expect different moderating effects on convergent and divergent thinking when participants with high or low TSC exercise self-control. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the interaction between exercising self-control and TSC on convergent and divergent thinking.