建築著作與室內設計之著作權保護

我國智慧財產法院於近年做出多個以室內設計為爭訟標的之判決，其中最大之爭點，在於「室內設計」是否屬於我國著作權法下「建築著作」保護標的之範疇？蓋我國著作權法主管機關智慧財產局曾多次做出函釋，認為建築著作保護的範圍，並未包含室內設計裝修及家俱在內。而標有尺寸、規格或結構等之室內設計圖則為圖形著作，室內設計實體為就室內設計圖形著作為實施之結果，非著作權之保護標的。然智財法院之相關判決則肯定室內設計亦受著作權法保護，符合現代社會認知建築與室內設計乃不同專業，實值贊同，惟就建築著作與室內設計受著作權保護之範圍仍須進一步之釐清。此外，建築設計與室內設計於本質上具有相當之具有實用性，如何避免將著作權保護擴及該等著作中「應功能性所必須」元素，以及基本配置等「標準特徵」，亦係區別建築著作受保護範圍及侵權判斷之難題。由於我國著作權法就「建築著作」之保護規定與美國法之相關規定於制定時序與保護內容均十分相近，而美國法於立法理由與法院判決中，均肯認室內空間之配置、安排等元素亦可受著作權法保護，故本文將從美國法之觀點，介紹並分析建築著作及室內設計受著作權保護之範圍，以供我國實務參考。

Taiwan Intellectual Property Court has made several decisions on the issues of interior designs in recent years. The biggest discrepancy of these rulings is whether “interior design” be protected under the scope of the “Architectural Works” subject matter of the Copyright Law? The question arises because the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, the administrative authority, has repeatedly issued administrative interpretations explaining that interior design and decoration are not included in the protections provided for “Architectural Works”; the interior design drawings marked with dimensions, specifications, or structures are graphic works; and the interior design itself is the results of actual using the graphic work, which is not protected by Copyright Law. However, the Taiwan Intellectual Property Court has acknowledged the interior design as “Architectural Works” in several decisions, conforms to the modern society's perception that architecture and interior design are different professions, which is remarkable breakthrough; nevertheless, the scopes of copyright protection for the architectural designs and the interior designs remains to be clarified. In addition, since the architectural design and interior design are utilitarian in nature, how to avoid the expansion of copyrights protection to the design elements which are “functionally required”, as well as “standard features” such as basic configuration, are the difficult questions need solutions. This article will study on the scopes of copyright law protection for the architectural designs and the interior designs, starting and comparing wiht the U.S. Copyright law’s development, and further this article will introduce and analyze the related legislative history and cases, and hope the perspectives and findings of this article could provide referenced for the development and legal practices in Taiwan.