中文摘要 |
本文目的旨在探討「新型舉國體制」之概念內涵、特性及制度侷限性,並以中國紅十字會在新冠疫情中的運作做為案例探討,進而分析非營利組織在「新型舉國體制」下的自主性發展及其限制。本文探討重點如下:首先是探討「新型舉國體制」之內涵、發展及其運作下新冠疫情治理之特性;其次,分析「新型舉國體制」下新冠疫情治理及其侷限性;再者,進一步分析「新型舉國體制」運作下贏弱的非營利組織之發展。最後則是提出結論。本文初步研究觀點是「新型舉國體制」運作具有「雙面刃效應」,因權力及資源集中化,固然可有效提升疫情治理績效;但此卻加深威權體制僵固化,不利於中國公民社會及第三部門社會組織自主性發展。中國紅十字會在組織形式上屬非政府組織,實質上為政府組織之附屬機構、派出機構,猶如「第二政府」。此體制運作因過度強調黨國威權統治及集權化,不利於非營利組織之自主性及創新性成長。 The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual connotation, characteristics and institutional limitations of the“new national system”, to discuss the operation of the Red Cross Society of China during the COVID-19 governance as a case study, and then to analyze the autonomy of non-profit organizations in the“new national system”development and its limitations. The focus of this paper are: Firstly, the connotation, development, characteristics of the“new national system”; Secondly, the limitations of the“new national system”under the COVID-19 governance; Thirdly, it further analyzes the development of non-profit organizations under the operation of the“new national system”. The last part is the conclusion. The preliminary research point of this paper is that the operation of the“new national system”has a“double-edged effect”. Due to the centralization of power and resources, it can effectively improve the performance of epidemic control; but this deepens the rigidity of the authoritarian system, which is not conducive to Chinese civil society and the independent development of social organizations in the three sectors. The Red Cross Society of China is a non-governmental organization in its organizational form, and is essentially a subsidiary or dispatched agency of a government organization, very much like a“second government”. The operation of this system overemphasizes the authoritarian rule and centralization of the party-state, which is not conducive to the independent and innovative growth of non-profit organizations. |