「得體閨秀」與《艾瑪》的驕傲書寫：兼論奧斯汀與情感──理性之論辯

The Proper Lady and the Writing of Pride in Emma: Also on Jane Austen and the Sentiment-Reason Debate

本文將情感「驕傲」（pride）置於女性「得體」（propriety）的意識形態之下進行考察，探討小說《艾瑪》（Emma）中的女主角從驕傲的鄉紳之女到「得體閨秀」（theProper Lady）的轉變，進而分析珍．奧斯汀（Jane Austen）對女性驕傲的態度以及她的情感和理性觀。奧斯汀與大衛．休謨（David Hume）一樣，支持適度驕傲，反對過度驕傲。她對艾瑪驕傲情緒的書寫體現了她對「得體閨秀」的意識形態是既支持又反叛，這種看似矛盾的態度反映了她對父權制度的外部文化和內在女性身份的雙重認同。奧斯汀矯正艾瑪的驕傲性格，是讓艾瑪接受家庭意識形態、維護鄉紳階層穩定的需要，而接受婚姻又使艾瑪得以參與公共領域（public sphere）的建構，展現出一種建立在責任感之上的驕傲。此外，奧斯汀讓艾瑪回歸謙虛，提高理性認知，看似是對理性思想的絕對背書，實則是用理性來引導艾瑪正確表達自我情感。正是在克服驕傲的過程中，艾瑪經歷了性慾啟蒙，發現了自己的情感需求。從這個意義上講，奧斯汀並非輕忽情感，而是重視理性引導下的情感。

Placing pride within the ideology of female propriety, this paper examines how Emma, the heroine of the novel Emma, undergoes a transformation from the proud daughter of the landed gentry to the Proper Lady in the hope of analyzing Jane Austen’s views on pride, sentiment and reason. Like David Hume, Austen espouses moderate pride while opposing overweening pride. Her writing of Emma’s pride implies both her embrace of and rebellion against the ideology of the Proper Lady. This ambiguous attitude suggests her dual identification with the external culture of patriarchy and the internal culture of femininity. For Austen, it’s necessary to rectify Emma’s pride so as to make her accept domestic ideology and maintain the stability of the landed gentry. On the other hand, Emma’s embrace of matrimony enables her to engage in the construction of the public sphere and to express a proud feeling based on responsibility. Austen not only has Emma return to modesty but also improves her rational cognition, an act that seems to be Austen’s absolute endorsement of rationality but is in fact her endeavor to employ reason to help Emma express her feelings in a proper way. It is in the process of overcoming her pride that Emma undergoes sexual enlightenment and discovers her emotional needs. In this sense, Austen does not make light of sentiment, but rather attaches great importance to the sentiment guided by reason.