論互聯網平臺的法律主體地位

平臺規制的基礎性話題是平臺的法律主體地位。妥善的法律主體定性方可精准定位既有法律體系之盲區，並由此建立妥善的規制框架。平臺不僅是提供互聯網資訊仲介服務的經營者，同時也是互聯網交易的組織者與管理者。但跨業經營使得平臺為了加強作為經營者的盈利職能犧牲作為市場組織者的管理職能。無論是特殊的壟斷主體學說還是看門人亦或新公用事業理論都無法完美解決此雙重身份而引發的利益衝突問題。為充分激發平臺的創新潛能，現階段不宜對之進行過度限制，但可引入元規制理論，要求平臺儘快建立內部規則的制定機制，並建立平臺內部規則的外部督促機制與審查機制。

The fundamental issue pertaining to platform regulation is the legal status of platforms. The suitable establishment of platforms’ legal status can accurately locate the lacunae of the current legal system, and then build up the appropriate regulatory framework. Platforms arc not only providers of information intermediary services, but also organizers and managers of the internet market. However, inter-sectoral operation induces platforms to promote self-profit in sacrifice of market order. Theories of special monopolists, gatekeepers and new public utility cannot perfectly solve the conflict of interest arising from platforms’ dual roles. In order to sufficiently exploit the innovation advantage of platforms, it is not the right moment to excessively regulate platforms. Nevertheless, it might be proper to rely upon the meta-regulation theory, which obliges the platforms to institute the procedures to adopt internet rules, and to establish external supervisory mechanism and review mechanism for those internal rules on the one hand on the other hand.