英文摘要 |
Maps are the media used to display and communicate spatial information. The direction and distance between spatial objects are two fundamental items. Consequently, the north arrow showing the direction of North and the scale bar for the length measurement are two mandatory components of maps and viewed as a doctrine. Although the presence of numeric or graphic displays for the scale bar has not received overturn type challenges, the north arrow has disappeared from major web map services of today. Delving into the fundamental principles of cartography, it can be determined that the north arrow is not appropriate for presenting on every map. For example, the small-scale world map is one which should not have a north arrow. However, in some situations, such as in which the map is not following global conventions for placing north-up, using a north arrow may be a better practice. This study discusses the concept of orientation reference mark in map-making, and why this doctrine has been demolished. Although this practice could be evidently observed from current major web map ervices, the doctrine is still emphasized by some educators. This writing is compiled for providing learners with an intuitive reference. |