勞動市場人力趨勢之量化分析──勞保資料觀察

Quantitative analysis of labor market manpower trends-Based on Labor Insurance Data

本文運用2005~2020年各月勞工保險資料，解析此期間產業人力運用情況，及被保人（勞工）於各行業進出特性。總體來說，國內投保人次為逐年上升；行業占比上升者多為服務業，下降者多在工業部門。被保人之年齡層分布以35~44歲為主，2020年時約有332.6萬人（比重28.3%）。性別比重愈趨平等，2020年男女比為1：1。歷年投保者都以基本工資為多數，約占三成；投保薪資高於45,800元者於2020年約214.4萬人（占18.2%）。被保人區域分布主要集中於北部地區，2020年底約652.0萬人（比重55.4%）；南、中部地區各約259.2、244.3萬人次，約占22.0%、20.8%。被保人一人多工成長趨勢明顯，2020年傳統工作模式（一人一工）約926.8萬人，比重約90.3%。退保後再就業之各行業平均尋職期間介於0.9月（電力及燃氣供應業）~2.0月（教育業）；前期（2005~2012年）尋職平均時間短於後期（2013~2020年）。各業再就業率介於37.2%（農林漁牧業）~67.6%（支援服務業）。退保再就業主力年齡為25~34歲，較整體勞動力主力約年輕10歲。再就業者多以業內流動為主，且業內流動逐年增高。再就業勞工之投保薪資以維持同一薪資級距為多數，顯示再就業者多以原有薪資水準為參考點。再就業勞工具有高度地緣性，以維持於同一地理區域為主（占比多在七成以上）。

This article uses monthly labor insurance data from 2005 to 2020 to analyze the industrial manpower during this period and the characteristics of the labor entering and exiting each industry. 1. Observation of the overall trend: The number of insured persons is increasing year by year. The increase in the industry share is mostly in the service industry, and the decline is mostly in the industrial sector. 2. The identity characteristics of the insured (workers): the age group is mainly 35 to 44, and there will be approximately 3.326 million people in 2020 (28.3%). The gender ratio is becoming more and more equal, and the ratio of men to women in 2020 is 49.2: 49.2. In the past years, the majority of insured applicants have been based on basic salary (about 30%). The regional distribution of the insured is mainly concentrated in the northern region. At the end of 2020, there are about 6.520 million people (55.4%), and there are about 259.2 million (22.0%) and 2.443 million (20.8%) people in the southern and central regions. The trend of multi-work for the insured person is obvious. In 2020, the traditional work mode (one person has one job) will be about 9.268 million people (90.3%). 3. Observation of re-employed surrenders: the average job search period of re-employed surrenders ranges from 0.9 to 2.0 months. The average job search period in the early period (2005~2012) is shorter than that the later period (2013~2020). The re-employment rate (the whole period) ranges from 37.2% to 67.6%. The main age of surrendering insurance and re-employment is 25 to 34, which is about 10 years younger than the main work force. The re-employment of insurance surrenders is mostly in the same industry, and this situation is increasing year by year. The insured salary of re-employed workers is mostly based on maintaining the same salary range, which shows that most re-employed workers use the original salary level as a reference point. Re-employed workers are highly geographically related, and mostly maintain the same geographic area (more than 70%).