影響離婚父母共親職品質之因子

Factors Contributing to Quality Co-parenting after Divorce

本研究以系統觀點為理論基礎，檢視有哪些因子會影響父母離婚後的共親職品質（包含衝突與支持兩面向）。本研究以離婚一年以上且有至少一名未成年子女之離婚父母為研究對象，共蒐集 136 份有效自填問卷，並運用階層多元迴歸分析方法檢視自變項對離婚父母共親職品質的預測力。研究結果顯示，整體而言，離婚父母的共親職關係呈現支持程度低，但偶有衝突的狀況。離婚父母對於和子女相處時間安排的滿意程度、前配偶與子女的親密程度，以及對前配偶的饒恕程度是影響離婚父母共親職品質的顯著預測因子。換言之，若離婚父母對於子女相處時間安排越滿意、離婚父母認為前配偶與子女的親密程度越高，以及離婚父母越能饒恕前配偶者，其共親職品質會越好。本文依據研究結果提出研究、政策制度與實務工作面向的建議。

Based on system theory, this study aims to investigate the factors contributing to quality co-parenting after divorce. Co-parenting after divorce refers to the relationship of divorced parents continuing to participate in child rearing, i.e., a high quality co-parental relationship combined with low inter-parental conflict and high mutual support. This study used a self-reporting questionnaire to collect data from 136 participants who had been divorced for at least one year and were raising children under 20 years of age. Participants were recruited from family case service centers in family courts all over Taiwan, social media, and a recruitment advertisement placed in Household Registration Office. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to test the effect of 6 factors: forgiveness, expectations of post-divorce co-parenting, level of hostility between divorced parents, satisfaction with child financial support, satisfaction with visiting arrangement, and satisfaction with custody arrangements on quality of co-parental interaction after divorce. The control variables include county of residence, gender of the parents, length of the marriage, length of the divorce, the divorce procedure, average monthly income of the parents, highest education level the parents attained, age of the children, children’s living and custody arrangement, and parent-child closeness. The research results show that on average, the support between divorced parents was low, and that the divorced parents had occasional conflicts. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that satisfaction with visiting arrangement, closeness between the ex-spouse and the children, and forgiveness were the significant predictors of quality co-parenting between divorced parents. In other words, the more that the divorced parents were satisfied with the child’s visiting arrangement, the more closeness the relationship between the child and ex-spouse, and the more forgiveness between the divorced parents, the better the quality of co-parental interactions between the divorced parents. The implications include helping divorced parents to improve their satisfaction with the child’s visiting arrangement, to maintain closeness with the children, and to forgive an ex-spouse. Suggestions are also made for future research, policies and practice.