梅貽琦《大學一解》中的終身學習思想再探索

Revisiting the Thought of Lifelong Learning in Mei Yiqi’s Da Xue Yi Jie

梅貽琦所著的〈大學一解〉是一篇集合哲學、教育學、社會學、心理學的經典之作。這篇文章的深遠意含，還可以從許多面向深入探究。本文從「終身學習」的視角進行解讀，並嘗試以心理學中「幸福感」（Well-Being）的概念來再次探索這篇文章所闡述的「大學之道」。梅貽琦認為大學之道在培育「學問成熟之人」，學問成熟之人非旦夕可期，需要「終身學習」以致。從這裡可以看到，大學之道是大學教育的精神，但不僅限於大學教育階段。大學之道是「終身教育」，也是「全人教育」。若以舊派心理學知、情、志的觀點，或以近年來心理學中「幸福感」（Well-Being）的概念來理解大學之道培育「學問成熟之人」的「全人教育」、「終身學習」意涵，也可以發現大學之道即為個體邁向成熟、獨立、健全人格之路。個體的成熟需要在群體中培養，在群我關係中持續邁向目標成長，是一個動態進步的過程。這呼應了亞里斯多德實現論（至善論）的哲學觀點，也是大學之道「明明德」、「新民」、「止於至善」的深意。

Mei Yiqi’s Da Xue Yi Jie is a classic work that involves a collection of philosophical, pedagogical, sociological and psychological teachings. This study interprets the teachings from the perspective of“lifelong learning”and attempts to use the concept of“well-being”in psychology, to re-explore the“Da Xue Zhi Dao”described in this article. Mei Yiqi believes that Da Xue Zhi Dao is to nurture“mature individuals”. Mature individuals cannot be expected overnight and require“lifelong learning”and it hence interpreted as the spirit of university education. The way of university is“lifelong education”and“holistic education”. This study uses the perspectives of cognition, affection and volition from old school psychology, better understood as the concept of“well-being”in recent years, to understand the meaning of holistic education and lifelong learning that are cultivating mature individuals in Da Xue Zhi Dao. The study is then concluded that Da Xue Zhi Dao is the path of an individual to a mature, independent, and healthy character. The maturity of the individual needs to be cultivated in a group environment, and needs continuous growth towards their goal through social relationship. This is a process of dynamic progress. This echoes the philosophical point of view of Aristotle's concept“eudaimonia”, and it is also the profound meaning of Da Xue Zhi Dao,“Ming Ming De”,“Xin Min”and“Zhi Yu Zhi Shan”.