從福利行政觀點看社會工作參與災害防救的經驗：以新北市為例

The experience of social work participating in disaster prevention and rescue from the perspective of welfare administration-an example of New Taipei City

社新北市因幅員遼闊，環境多元，所面臨的災害類型較其他縣市更為複雜，本文係從臺北縣時期至升格新北市後，遭逢各次大型災害，以社會福利行政的觀點，來回顧當時社會工作人員的作為，並適時提供建議。採用歷史研究法來探討，自1984年煤礦災變至2020年嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（COVID-19），歷次重大災變中，公部門社會福利機關災害防治業務，因法規不同，災害議題不同，分工任務、服務項目、適用理論及技巧等，在專業社工人力的規劃設計下，也在逐次的演變。為落實助人精神並儘速減緩災害對災民的影響，提出面臨極端氣候加劇及傳染病的挑戰下，社會工作人員面對災難時，需再提升對法規的認識、專業技巧的多元運用、多參與各項防災演練及增加公私整合能力等應災知能，並建議防災訓練能在大學教育中建立機制。

This article reviews the actions of social workers at the time during various major disasters during the period from Taipei County to New Taipei City from the perspective of social welfare administration , and provides timely advice. From the coal industry disaster in 1984 to the severe special infectious pneumonia（COVID-19）in 2020, the public sector’s social assistance must still be administered in accordance with the Disaster Prevention and Rescue Law and related regulations, and the difficult within the diverse functions and service items of the social welfare agencies. The division of social work labor and other mechanisms have evolved successively under the different disaster issues, the planning and design of professional framework. In order to implement the spirit of helping others and reduce the impact of disasters on the victims as soon as possible, it is proposed that social workers need to improve their knowledge of disaster response before facing the challenge of increasing extreme weather and infectious diseases, and take the benefit of social administration and disaster prevention as a correction for the future improve reference.