略論《孔廟禮樂考》中「定歷代諸儒從祀之法」

Briefly on''How to Worship the Confucians throughout History''from Commentary on the Rites and Music of the Confucian Temple

孔廟本為祭祀孔子的廟宇，然今日並非純祀孔子。孔廟本指孔氏家廟，在家廟的定義下，孔子代表孔氏祖先的身份受祭。後來孔廟成為象徵國家禮制的廟宇，也是儒學的空間象徵，在此定義下，孔子是儒學的始祖。孔廟主祭孔子外，尚有附祭制度，附祭則有「配享」和「從祀」兩級。「歷代從祀孔庭之儒，若孔門七十二賢，則親炙聖化者也；漢儒，則搜輯聖經者也；唐儒，則疏注聖經者也；宋儒，則闡明聖經者也。」霍韜在請祀明初大儒薛瑄提出了從祀孔庭的原則。瞿九思《孔廟禮樂考》則提出了他個人對歷代俎廟孔廷之制的反思與看法。

Originally a temple to worship Confucius, the Confucian Temple today is not dedicated to Confucius only. The Confucian Temple was initially the family temple of the Cons, where he was worshiped as one of their ancestors. Then, it became a symbol for the institutions and etiquettes of the state as well as the spatial symbol of Confucianism, whereby Confucius is the founding father of Confucianism. While Confucius is the main deity, there are other Confucians who are worshiped along with Confucius, divided into secondary deities and accessory deities. ''Throughout history, those Confucians are worshiped in the Confucian Temple as accessory deities are composed the seventy-two disciples instructed by Confucius himself, the editors of Confucian doctrines from the Han Dynasty, the commentators from the Tang Dynasty and the explicators and developers from the Song Dynasty. Huo Tao proposed the principles about how to worship these Confucians as he asked to worship Xue Xuan, the great Confucian of the Ming Dynasty, while Qu Jiu-si offered his reflection and opinions on the institution of worshiping these Confucians in Commentary on the Rites and Music of the Confucian Temple.