國小駐校諮商心理師有效諮商策略之探索性研究

An Exploratory Investigation of Effective Counseling Strategies for Counseling Psychologists Working in Elementary Schools

本研究擬透過探討國小駐校諮商心理師之有效介入策略，以初步建構適合國小校園之駐校諮商心理工作策略。研究參與者係邀請12位參與國小校園服務方案之諮商心理師及其一組成功案例（即實際接受服務之受輔兒童及其級任教師、家長）自願參與本研究。研究發現：（1）與兒童生態系統合作是駐校諮商師認為進駐國小校園的有效工作策略，亦即，除對受輔兒童提供諮商服務外，需同時邀請兒童重要關係人（如家長和教師）合作協助兒童；（2）與兒童工作的有效諮商策略包括：運用遊戲或活動與受輔兒童建立關係、評估兒童適應問題、協助兒童表達情緒和需求、賦能正向行為、以及討論問題行為和改善策略等；（3）與生態系統工作的有效諮商策略包括：尋求合作、協助瞭解兒童心理與需求、以同理的態度與其合作、促進合作對象的覺察和改變、給予適度支持/鼓勵與賦能、及建立共通的目標和輔導策略等。最後，本研究針對國小輔導實務工作、教育訓練與未來研究提出相關建議。

This current investigation was to explore effective counseling strategies for counseling psychologists working in the elementary schools for extended mental health services. A total of 37 participants including 12 counseling psychologists (1 male and 11 females， professional experience range from 6 to 14 yrs) and 25 ‘clients’ (8 child-clients， 9 parents， and 8 school teachers) voluntarily participated in the study. Data was collected by individual in-depth interview and analyzed by using the consensual qualitative research procedure. The findings indicated that counseling psychologists working in elementary schools tended to be more effective when ecological perspective was incorporate in their counseling frameworks. Parents and teachers were key resource persons to include in the services. Activities (e.g.， story telling， drawing， etc.) and play were effective strategies with child-clients for building rapport， obtaining information， developing assessment， as well as conducting treatments. Effective strategies working with parents and teachers included seeking cooperation， empowering and supportive， developing unanimous counseling goals， and facilitating their awareness and change. The results also revealed that all participants， including the child-clients， parents， and teachers， reported to have received positive benefits through counseling services. Detail results and suggestions for further implementation are discussed