焦點解決親職團體之團體效果與療效因素分析

A Study of the Effects and Therapeutic Factors of a Solution-Focused Parenting Group

本研究以 Selekman 的解決取向親職團體方案為依據，進行一為期兩個月、六單元的親職團體，並評估團體效果及團體療效因素為何。本研究團體有五位母親參加，經在團體前後進行十點量尺評量，以及在每次團體結束之後所進行的團體訪談，所得結果顯示：1.依成員主觀知覺的評定，所有成員都有得到相當正向的收穫，在「孩子∕自己的行為表現」和「覺得自己解決孩子問題的能力」上，都有正向的進步；不僅在原先親子互動中的問題獲得改善，也覺得自己在解決孩子問題的能力上有所提升。2.依成員知覺及報導的團體療效因素，包括：訊息傳遞、觀察學習、省思親子互動關係、普遍性、賦能感、促發行動、領導者因素，以及凝聚力等八項。根據研究結果，針對親職團體的應用及未來研究提出具體建議。

The purpose of this study was to design and implement a solution-focused parenting group counseling program with five mothers. The effects and therapeutic factors of this program were examined. Data of this study were obtained from participants’ self-report and group discussion after each group session. The results of this study showed positive effects of this program which focused on dealing with problems between parents and children. For the five mother participants， not only their skills for interacting with their children were improved， but the behaviors of these mothers and their children were changed positively. The feelings of effectiveness in dealing children’s problem behaviors were more positive than before intervention. According to the participants’ reports， the therapeutic factors included imparting information， observing learning， reflecting parent-child interaction， being universal， sense of empowerment， facilitating actions， leader’s factors， and cohesiveness. Suggestions for counseling practice using solution-focused parenting groups and future research are discussed.