從競爭型補助到政府採購──以美國疫苗採購淺談科研成果運用之法制與實務

From Competitive Funding to Government Procurement- A Brief Analysis on the Application of R&D Outcomes Based on the U.S. Vaccine Procurement

競爭型補助為政府建立形同技術競賽之補助模式，藉以提高研發成果之品質。近期各國紛紛發展新的補助與採購機制，美國「曲速行動計畫」，其以政府採購之外觀保證收購甚至強制收購一定數量之疫苗，由政府在後期介入取得研發成果，可視為一種創新型的競爭型補助。歐盟2014年正式公布新版政府採購指令，在2014年採購指令中，以公共創新採購和商用前採購兩種創新採購方式為重，亦為競爭型補助之變形。然在我國現行制度下，其科專補助成果產出後，僅能以授權方式與市場銜接，尚不能就該研發成果商品化後保證其收購。因此，本文藉由觀察他國競爭型補助和保證採購的機制，提出重點建議，增加我國法制之創新變革。

"Competitive Funding is to establish a governmental subsidy model to improve the quality of research and development results. In addition, more and more countries have recently developed new subsidies and procurement mechanisms. This article refers to the United States' 'Operation Warp Speed' in 2020 and the European Union's Directive 2014/24/EU, the two new innovative version of competitive funding. By observing the mechanisms of competitive funding mechanisms in other countries, this article puts forward key suggestions to increase the innovation and reform of subsidy legal system in Taiwan."